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NCLEX-RN Exam Prep, 3rd Edition
- By Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd
- Published Dec 20, 2013 by Pearson IT Certification. Part of the Exam Prep series.
Book
- Sorry, this book is no longer in print.
About
Features
- The complete NCLEX-RN exam prep solution: focused coverage, practical study strategies, powerful CD-ROM-based practice testing
- Comprehensive topical learning for all NCLEX-RN test areas, from care of physical and psychiatric disorders to cultural and legal issues
- Includes 530 exam questions and Answer Rationales within the book itself, plus an advanced test simulator on CD-ROM
- Presents expert test-taking and study strategies designed to improve readiness and alleviate anxiety
Description
- Copyright 2014
- Dimensions: 8-3/8" x 10-7/8"
- Pages: 1008
- Edition: 3rd
- Book
- ISBN-10: 0-7897-5106-2
- ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-5106-5
Score Higher on the NCLEX-RN® Exam!
We provide you with the proven study tools and expert insight that will help you score higher on your exam
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- Study Tips like the advice and instruction that a personal tutor might provide
- Notes, Tips, and Cautions provide you with hints and strategies that will help you reduce your mistakes on the exam
- Comprehensive discussion of all subject areas covered on the NCLEX-RN® Exam
- Practice Questions that include detailed explanations of correct and incorrect answers–so you can learn the material from your success and mistakes
COMPREHENSIVE! Succeed with comprehensive learning and practice tests
- Master the NCLEX-RN® exam materials in all tested subject areas
- Prepare with four comprehensive practice tests
- Analyze your test readiness and areas for further study with topic-focused chapter tests
- CD-ROM—based practice exam includes an interactive Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) engine for a meaningful exam experience with approximately 400 questions
- Learn important test-taking strategies to maximize your score and diminish your anxiety
Sample Content
Online Sample Chapter
NCLEX-RN Exam Cram: Care of the Client with Endocrine Disorders
Sample Pages
Download the sample pages (includes Chapter 4 and Index)
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 1
Organization . . . . . . . . 2
Instructional Features . . . . . . . . 2
Extensive Practice Test Options. . . . . . . 3
Final Review . . . . . . . . . 3
Other Valuable Tools . . . . . . . 4
About the NCLEX Exam . . . . . . . 4
Advice for Preparing for the Exam . . . . . . 6
Advice for Test Day . . . . . . . 6
Hints for Using This Book . . . . . . . 7
Contact the Author . . . . . . . . 8
Study and Exam Preparation Tips . . . . . . . 9
Study Tips . . . . . . . . . 9
Exam Prep Tips . . . . . . . . 10
Read the Question Carefully . . . . . . 11
Look for Keywords . . . . . . . 11
Watch for Specific Details . . . . . . . 11
Eliminate Options That Are Clearly Wrong or Incorrect . . . 11
Look for Similar Options . . . . . . . 12
Look for Opposite Answers . . . . . . 13
Part I: Exam Preparation
Chapter 1: Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . 15
Three Areas of Pharmacology . . . . . . . 15
How Nurses Work with Pharmacology . . . . . . 16
Time-released Drugs. . . . . . . . 17
Administering Medications. . . . . . . 18
The Seven Rights of Administering Medication . . . . 18
Understanding and Identifying the Various Drugs . . . . . 19
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors . . . . . 19
Beta Adrenergic Blockers . . . . . . . 20
Anti-Infectives (Aminoglycosides) . . . . . . 21
Benzodiazepines (Anticonvulsants/Antianxiety). . . . 23
Phenothiazines (Antipsychotic/Antiemetic) . . . . . 24
Glucocorticoids . . . . . . . . 25
Antivirals . . . . . . . . 27
Cholesterol-Lowering Agents . . . . . . 28
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers . . . . . . 29
Histamine 2 Antagonists . . . . . . . 30
Proton Pump Inhibitors . . . . . . . 31
Anticoagulants . . . . . . . . 32
More Drug Identification Helpers . . . . . . 33
Herbals . . . . . . . . . 34
Drug Schedules . . . . . . . . 35
Pregnancy Categories for Drugs . . . . . . . 35
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . 36
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 36
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . 37
Answer Rationales . . . . . . . 39
Chapter 2: Fluid and Electrolyte and Acid/Base Balance . . . . . . 41
Total Body Water Calculation . . . . . . . 41
Management of the Client with Imbalances in Fluid and Electrolytes . . . 43
Types of Intravenous Fluids . . . . . . 43
How the Body Regulates Electrolytes. . . . . 44
How the Body Regulates pH . . . . . . 52
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . 60
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 60
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 60
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Treatment of Clients with Alterations in Fluids and Electrolytes . . . . . . . 60
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . 61
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 62
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 64
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 65
Chapter 3: Care of the Client with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . . 67
Hypertension . . . . . . . . . 68
Diagnosing the Client with Hypertension . . . . . 69
Managing the Client with Hypertension . . . . . 69
Coronary Artery Disease. . . . . . . 71
Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis . . . . . . 71
Conduction System of the Heart. . . . . . . 72
Heart Block. . . . . . . . 73
Cardiac Monitoring . . . . . . . . 74
Reading an Electrocardiogram. . . . . . 76
Cardiac Dysrhythmias . . . . . . . . 76
Ventricular Tachycardia. . . . . . . 78
Ventricular Fibrillation . . . . . . . 79
Internal Pacemaker/Internal Cardiac Defibrillators . . . . 79
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation . . . . . . 80
Angina Pectoris . . . . . . . . 81
Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . 82
Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . 82
Management of a Client with Myocardial Infarction . . . . 83
Aneurysms. . . . . . . . . 89
Inflammatory Diseases of the Heart . . . . . . 90
Infective Endocarditis . . . . . . . 90
Pericarditis . . . . . . . . 91
Peripheral Vascular Disease . . . . . . 91
Varicose Veins/Thrombophlebitis . . . . . . 92
Raynaud’s Phenomenon . . . . . . . 93
Buerger’s Disease . . . . . . . . 93
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . 94
Key Terms. . . . . . . . . 94
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . 95
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Treatment of Clients with Cardiovascular Disorders. . . . . . . . 96
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 101
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 101
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 103
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 104
Chapter 4: Care of the Client with Endocrine Disorders . . . . . . 105
Pituitary Gland. . . . . . . . 106
Hypopituitarism . . . . . . . . 106
Hyperpituitarism . . . . . . . 106
Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland . . . . . 107
Thyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . 108
Hypothyroidism . . . . . . . . 108
Hyperthyroidism . . . . . . . 110
Parathyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . 112
Hypoparathyroidism . . . . . . . 112
Hyperparathyroidism. . . . . . . 113
Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . 114
Hyperglycemia . . . . . . . . 116
Hypoglycemia. . . . . . . . 117
Managing Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia. . . . 117
Adrenal Gland . . . . . . . . 118
Adrenal Gland Disorders . . . . . . . 119
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 123
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 123
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 124
Pharmacological Agents Used to Treat Clients with Endocrine Disorders. 124
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 128
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 128
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 130
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 131
Chapter 5: Care of the Client with Respiratory Disorders. . . . . . 133
Noninfectious Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract . . . . 133
Chronic Bronchitis. . . . . . . 133
Emphysema. . . . . . . . 134
Asthma. . . . . . . . . 135
Pleurisy . . . . . . . . 137
Pulmonary Hypertension . . . . . . . 138
Interstitial Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . 139
Sarcoidosis. . . . . . . . 139
Pulmonary Fibrosis . . . . . . . 140
Occupational Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . 140
Infectious Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract. . . . 142
Pneumonia . . . . . . . . 142
Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . 145
Influenza . . . . . . . . 147
Life-Threatening Pulmonary Disorders. . . . . . 148
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. . . . . 148
Pulmonary Embolus . . . . . . . 152
Pneumothorax . . . . . . . . 154
Hemothorax . . . . . . . . 155
Emerging Infections . . . . . . . . 158
SARS . . . . . . . . . 158
Legionnaires’ Disease . . . . . . . 159
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 161
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 161
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 161
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Respiratory System . . . . . . . 162
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 165
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 166
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 168
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 169
Chapter 6: Care of the Client with Genitourinary Disorders . . . . . . 171
Renal Disorders . . . . . . . . 172
Acute Glomerulonephritis . . . . . . 172
Chronic Glomerulonephritis . . . . . . 173
Goodpasture’s Syndrome . . . . . . . 174
Nephrotic Syndrome . . . . . . . 175
Polycystic Kidney Disease . . . . . . 176
Hydronephrosis/Hydroureteronephrosis . . . . . 177
Pyelonephritis. . . . . . . . 178
Acute and Chronic Renal Failure . . . . . . 179
Chronic Renal Failure . . . . . . . 180
Peritoneal Dialysis . . . . . . . 181
Hemodialysis. . . . . . . . 182
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. . . . . 183
Renal Transplantation . . . . . . . 184
Urinary Disorders . . . . . . . . 185
Cystitis. . . . . . . . . 185
Urinary Incontinence . . . . . . . 187
Urolithiasis . . . . . . . . 188
Genitourinary Disorders. . . . . . . 189
Prostatitis . . . . . . . . 190
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy . . . . . . 190
Erectile Dysfunction . . . . . . . 191
Epididymitis . . . . . . . . 193
Priapism. . . . . . . . 193
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 195
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 195
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 195
Pharmacologic Agents for the Client with Genitourinary Disorders. . 196
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 200
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 200
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 202
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 203
Chapter 7: Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders . . . . . . 205
Common Infections of the Integumentary System . . . . . 205
Viral Infections . . . . . . . . 205
Fungal Infections . . . . . . . 207
Bacterial Infections . . . . . . . 208
Psoriasis. . . . . . . . . 208
Pressure Ulcers. . . . . . . . 209
Burns . . . . . . . . . 212
Burn Classifications . . . . . . . 213
Burn Measurement with TBSA . . . . . . 214
Nursing Care for Burn Victims . . . . . . 215
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 223
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 223
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 223
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders. . . . . . . . 224
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 226
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 226
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 228
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 229
Chapter 8: Care of the Client with Sensory Disorders. . . . . . 231
Disorders of the Eyes . . . . . . . . 231
Intraocular Disorders . . . . . . . 232
Uveitis . . . . . . . . . 236
Corneal Dystrophy and Corneal Transplantation . . . . 236
Retinal Disorders . . . . . . . 236
Refractive Errors . . . . . . . 239
Traumatic Injuries . . . . . . . 240
Ocular Melanoma . . . . . . . 240
Disorders of the Ears. . . . . . . . 242
Otitis Externa . . . . . . . . 243
Otitis Media . . . . . . . . 243
Mastoiditis. . . . . . . . 244
Ménière’s Disease. . . . . . . 244
Acoustic Neuroma . . . . . . . 245
Otosclerosis. . . . . . . . 245
Presbycusis . . . . . . . . 246
Ear Trauma . . . . . . . . 246
Assisting Clients with Hearing Loss . . . . . 247
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 250
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 250
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 251
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Eyes and Ears . . . . . . . . 251
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 253
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 253
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 255
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 256
Chapter 9: Care of the Client with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . . 257
Peptic Ulcer Disease . . . . . . . . 258
Types of Ulcers. . . . . . . . 259
Diagnosis of Ulcers . . . . . . . 259
Treatment of Ulcers. . . . . . . 260
Inflammatory Bowel Disorders . . . . . . . 263
Crohn’s Disease . . . . . . . . 263
Ulcerative Colitis . . . . . . . 263
Management of the Client with Inflammatory Bowel Disease . . . 264
Diverticular Disease. . . . . . . . 265
Management of the Client with Diverticulitis . . . . 265
Hemorrhoids . . . . . . . . 266
Appendicitis . . . . . . . . . 266
Peritonitis . . . . . . . . . 268
Intestinal Obstruction . . . . . . . . 269
Esophageal Disorders . . . . . . . . 270
GERD . . . . . . . . . 270
Hiatal Hernia . . . . . . . . 274
Diseases Associated with the Liver . . . . . . 275
Hepatitis . . . . . . . . 275
Cirrhosis . . . . . . . . 281
Acute Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . 285
Diagnosis of Pancreatitis. . . . . . . 286
Treatment of Pancreatitis . . . . . . . 286
Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis . . . . . . . 287
Symptoms of Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis . . . . 288
Diagnosis of Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis . . . . . 288
Treatment of Cholecystitis . . . . . . 289
Treatment of Cholethiasis. . . . . . . 289
Clostridium Difficile . . . . . . . . 290
Food-Borne Illnesses. . . . . . . . 291
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 294
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 294
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 295
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System . . . . . . . 295
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 297
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 298
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 300
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 301
Chapter 10: Care of the Client with Hematological Disorders . . . . . . 303
Anemia. . . . . . . . . 303
Pernicious Anemia . . . . . . . 304
Aplastic Anemia . . . . . . . . 304
Sickle Cell Anemia. . . . . . . 305
Iron Deficiency Anemia . . . . . . . 309
Thalassemia . . . . . . . . . 311
Polycythemia Vera . . . . . . . . 312
Hemophilia . . . . . . . . . 313
Transfusion Therapy . . . . . . . . 315
Transfusion Reactions . . . . . . . 317
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 319
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 319
Diagnostic Tests for Review . . . . . . 319
Pharmacological Agents Used in Hematological Disorders . . . 320
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 321
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 321
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 323
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 324
Chapter 11:Care of the Client with Disorders of the Neurological System. . . . 325
Neurological Assessment . . . . . . . 326
Cranial Nerve Assessment . . . . . . 326
Glasgow Coma Scale . . . . . . . 327
Intracranial Pressure Monitors. . . . . . 328
Brain Injuries . . . . . . . . 329
Epidural Hematomas. . . . . . . 332
Subdural Hematoma . . . . . . . 332
Intracerebral Hematomas . . . . . . . 332
Treatment of Hematomas . . . . . . . 332
Increased Intracranial Pressure . . . . . . 332
Brain Tumors . . . . . . . . 336
Treatment of Brain Tumors . . . . . . 337
Care of the Client with Intracranial Surgery (Craniotomy) . . . . 338
Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke . . . . . . 342
Ischemic Stroke . . . . . . . . 342
Hemorrhagic Stroke . . . . . . . 344
Seizures . . . . . . . . . 347
Types of Seizures . . . . . . . 347
Treatment of Seizure Clients . . . . . . 350
Parkinson’s Disease . . . . . . . . 350
Meningitis . . . . . . . . . 352
Autoimmune Neurological Disorders. . . . . . 354
Multiple Sclerosis. . . . . . . 354
Myasthenia Gravis . . . . . . . 355
Guillain-Barré. . . . . . . . 357
Degenerative Neurological Disorders . . . . . . 358
Cranial Nerve Disorders. . . . . . . 359
Trigeminal Neuralgia . . . . . . . 359
Bell’s Palsy. . . . . . . . 359
Spinal Cord Injuries . . . . . . . . 360
Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries. . . . . . 361
Potential Complications with SCI Clients . . . . . 362
Intervertebral Disk Disease . . . . . . . 363
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 366
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 366
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 367
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of Clients with Neurological Disorders. . . . . . . . 368
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 373
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 373
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 376
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 377
Chapter 12: Care of the Client with Immunologic Disorders . . . . . . 379
Immunodeficiency Syndrome . . . . . . . 380
Diagnoses . . . . . . . . . 381
HIV Prevention . . . . . . . . 383
Standard Precautions. . . . . . . 383
Airborne Transmission–Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . 384
Droplet Transmission–Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . 384
Contact Transmission–Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . 385
Treatments After Occupational Exposure. . . . . 385
Management of the Client with HIV . . . . . . 385
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 389
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 389
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 389
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Immunologic Disorders. . . . . . . . 390
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 393
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 394
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 396
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 397
Chapter 13: Care of the Client with Neoplastic Disorders . . . . . . 399
American Cancer Society’s Seven Warning Signs of Cancer. . . . 399
The Four Major Categories of Cancer. . . . . . 400
Risk Factors for Specific Cancers . . . . . . 400
Cancer Prevention . . . . . . . . 402
Major Types of Cancer . . . . . . . 403
Colorectal Cancer . . . . . . . 403
Lung Cancer. . . . . . . . 407
Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . 409
Breast Cancer . . . . . . . . 411
Other Major Cancers. . . . . . . 416
General Interventions for Clients with Cancer . . . . . 421
Radiation . . . . . . . . 421
Chemotherapy . . . . . . . . 423
Total Parenteral Nutrition . . . . . . 424
Neoplastic-Associated Disorders and Emergencies . . . . 426
Bone Marrow and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation . . . . 427
Types of Transplants . . . . . . . 428
Nursing Care After Transplantation . . . . . 428
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 431
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 431
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 432
Pharmacologic Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Specific Neoplastic Disorders. . . . . . . . 433
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 440
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 440
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 443
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 445
Chapter 14: Care of the Client with Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders . . . 447
Fractures . . . . . . . . . 448
Major Fracture Sites . . . . . . . 450
General Treatment for Fractures. . . . . . 450
Common Complications Associated with Fractures . . . . 454
Osteoporosis . . . . . . . . . 457
Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . 458
Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis. . . . . . 459
Treatment of the Client with Osteoarthritis . . . . . 459
Fibromyalgia. . . . . . . . . 460
Ankylosing Spondylitis . . . . . . . 460
Gout. . . . . . . . . 461
Rheumatoid Arthritis. . . . . . . . 462
Lupus Erythematosus . . . . . . . . 464
Musculoskeletal Surgical Procedures . . . . . . 466
Fractured Hip and Hip Replacement . . . . . 466
Total Knee Replacement. . . . . . . 467
Amputations . . . . . . . . 468
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 474
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 474
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 474
Pharmacologic Agents Used in Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders. . . . . . . . 475
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 479
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 479
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 481
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 482
Chapter 15: Care of the Childbearing Client and the Neonatal Client . . . . . 483
Prenatal Care . . . . . . . . 483
Signs of Pregnancy. . . . . . . 483
Prenatal Diet and Weight Maintenance . . . . . 484
Measuring Fetal Heart Tones. . . . . . 486
Measuring Fundal Height. . . . . . . 486
Prelabor Testing . . . . . . . . 486
Intrapartal Care . . . . . . . . 488
Stages of Labor. . . . . . . . 489
Important Terms You Should Know . . . . . 489
Complications Associated with Pregnancy. . . . . 490
Cardiac Disease During Pregnancy. . . . . . 490
Diabetes in Pregnancy. . . . . . . 493
Preeclampsia . . . . . . . . 494
Ectopic Pregnancy . . . . . . . 495
Hydatidiform Mole . . . . . . . 495
Incompetent Cervix . . . . . . . 496
Types of Abortions. . . . . . . 496
Placenta Previa . . . . . . . . 497
Abruptio Placenta. . . . . . . 497
Complications Associated with Labor and Delivery . . . . 498
Fetal Malpresentation . . . . . . . 499
Post-term Labor and Birth . . . . . . 499
Precipitate Delivery . . . . . . . 500
Cord Prolapse. . . . . . . . 500
Cesarean Birth . . . . . . . . 500
Assisted Birth . . . . . . . . 501
Fetal Monitoring . . . . . . . 501
Pharmacologic Management of Labor . . . . . . 503
Postpartum Care . . . . . . . . 504
Newborn Care . . . . . . . . 505
Terms Associated with the Normal Newborn . . . . 506
Rh Incompatibility . . . . . . . 507
Women’s Health Issues . . . . . . . 508
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease . . . . . . 508
Menopause . . . . . . . . 508
Maternal Infections . . . . . . . 508
Methods of Contraception . . . . . . 511
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 514
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 514
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . 515
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Obstetric Client . . 516
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 517
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 518
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 520
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 521
Chapter 16: Care of the Pediatric Client . . . . . . . . 523
Growth and Development . . . . . . . 523
Infant (28 Days to 1 Year). . . . . . . 523
Toddler (1–3 Years) . . . . . . . 524
Preschooler (3–5 Years) . . . . . . . 525
School Age (6–12 Years) . . . . . . . 527
Adolescence (12–18 Years) . . . . . . 527
Caring for the Child with Respiratory Disorders . . . . . 528
Upper Airway Infections. . . . . . . 529
Lower Airway Infections. . . . . . . 533
Long-Term Respiratory Disorders . . . . . . 535
Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis) . . . . . . 536
Caring for the Child with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . 537
Disorders of Motility. . . . . . . 538
Structural Defects . . . . . . . 540
Obstructive Disorders . . . . . . . 542
Inflammatory and Parasitic Disorders. . . . . 544
Malabsorptive/Metabolic Syndromes . . . . . 545
Ingestion of Hazardous Substances . . . . . . 547
Caring for the Child with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . 549
Congenital Heart Defects. . . . . . . 550
Acquired Heart Disease. . . . . . . 557
Caring for the Child with Genitourinary Disorders. . . . 560
Obstructive Uropathy . . . . . . . 561
External Defects (Hypospadias, Epispadias, Exstrophy of the Bladder). . 561
Epispadias/Exstrophy of the Bladder . . . . . 562
Caring for the Child with Neoplastic Disorders. . . . . 563
Leukemia. . . . . . . . 563
Wilms’ Tumor (Nephroblastoma) . . . . . . 563
Retinoblastoma. . . . . . . . 564
Neuroblastoma . . . . . . . . 564
Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma . . . . . 564
Rhabdomyosarcoma. . . . . . . 565
Surviving Childhood Cancer . . . . . . 565
Caring for the Child with Cerebral Disorders . . . . . 566
Intracranial Infections (Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis) . . . 566
Reye’s Syndrome . . . . . . . 567
Caring for the Child with Integumentary Disorders . . . . 568
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) . . . . . . 568
Scabies . . . . . . . . . 569
Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) . . . . . . 569
Lyme Disease . . . . . . . . 570
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever . . . . . . 570
Caring for the Child with Communicable Disease. . . . . 571
Caring for the Child with Musculoskeletal Disorders . . . . 573
Congenital Clubfoot . . . . . . . 573
Developmental Hip Dysplasia . . . . . . 573
Osteogenesis Imperfecta . . . . . . . 574
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana) . . . . . 575
Scoliosis . . . . . . . . 576
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis) . . . 576
Caring for the Child with Neuromuscular Disorders . . . . 577
Cerebral Palsy. . . . . . . . 577
Neural Tube Defects . . . . . . . 578
Spina Bifida. . . . . . . . 578
Muscular Dystrophies . . . . . . . 579
Caring for the Abused and Neglected Child . . . . . 580
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 583
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 583
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 584
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of Pediatric Clients . . . 584
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 584
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 585
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 587
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 588
Chapter 17: Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders . . . . . . 589
Anxiety-related Disorders. . . . . . . 589
Generalized Anxiety Disorder . . . . . . 590
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder . . . . . . 590
Dissociative Identity Disorder . . . . . . 591
Somatoform Disorder . . . . . . . 591
Panic Disorder . . . . . . . . 591
Phobic Disorders . . . . . . . 592
Obsessive-compulsive Disorder . . . . . . 592
Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . 593
Cluster A . . . . . . . . 593
Cluster B . . . . . . . . 594
Cluster C. . . . . . . . 595
Managing Clients with Personality Disorders . . . . 596
Psychotic Disorders. . . . . . . . 597
Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . 597
Bipolar Disorders . . . . . . . 599
Substance Abuse. . . . . . . . 602
Alcoholism . . . . . . . . 602
Chemical Dependence. . . . . . . 604
Psychological Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence . . . . 606
Autistic Disorder . . . . . . . 607
Conduct Disorder . . . . . . . 607
Oppositional Defiant Disorder . . . . . . 608
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder . . . . . 608
Eating Disorders . . . . . . . 608
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 611
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 611
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 612
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders. . . . . . . . 612
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 617
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 618
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 620
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 621
Chapter 18: Emergency Care. . . . . . . . . 623
The ABCDs of Emergency Care. . . . . . 624
Airway . . . . . . . . . 624
Breathing. . . . . . . . 625
Circulation . . . . . . . . 625
Deficits . . . . . . . . 626
Obtaining Client Information . . . . . . 627
Trauma . . . . . . . . . 627
Head Injuries . . . . . . . . 627
Chest Injuries . . . . . . . . 628
Abdominal Injuries. . . . . . . 628
Documenting and Protecting Forensic Evidence . . . . 629
Poisoning . . . . . . . . . 630
Poisonous Stings and Bites . . . . . . . 631
Bioterrorism . . . . . . . . . 632
Chemical and Biological Agents . . . . . . 632
Nuclear Warfare. . . . . . . . 634
Triage Categories for Disaster Victims . . . . . 635
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . 637
Key Terms . . . . . . . . 637
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . 637
Pharmacological Agents Commonly Used in ER Treatment . . . 637
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 638
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 638
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 640
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 641
Chapter 19: Legal Issues in Nursing Practice . . . . . . . 643
Types of Laws. . . . . . . . 644
Statutory Laws/Regulatory Laws. . . . . . 644
Civil Laws . . . . . . . . 644
Criminal Laws . . . . . . . . 644
Common Law. . . . . . . . 644
Code of Ethical Behavior in Nursing Practice . . . . . 645
Legal Theories That Affect Nursing Practice . . . . . 646
Negligence . . . . . . . . 647
Malpractice . . . . . . . . 647
Witnessing Consent for Care. . . . . . 647
Tort . . . . . . . . . 647
Assault and Battery . . . . . . . 648
Fraud . . . . . . . . . 648
Managing Client Care. . . . . . . . 648
Key Terms. . . . . . . . . 652
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 652
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 653
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 655
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 656
Chapter 20: Cultural Practices Influencing Nursing Care . . . . . . 657
Cultural Assessment. . . . . . . . 657
Understanding Client Beliefs . . . . . . 657
Working with Clients Who Speak Different Languages . . . 658
Healthcare of Hispanics/Latinos . . . . . . 659
Time Considerations . . . . . . . 660
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . 660
Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . 661
Healthcare of Native Americans and Alaskan Natives . . . . 661
Time Considerations . . . . . . . 661
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . 662
Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . 662
Healthcare of Asian-Americans . . . . . . . 662
Time Considerations . . . . . . . 663
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . 663
Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . 664
Healthcare of Arab-Americans. . . . . . . 664
Time Considerations . . . . . . . 665
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . 665
Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . 665
Nursing Plan Dietary Considerations Across Cultures . . . . 665
Religious Beliefs and Refusal of Care Considerations . . . . 667
Key Terms. . . . . . . . . 669
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . 669
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . 669
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . 671
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . 672
Part II: Final Review
Fast Facts The NCLEX RN Exam Prep . . . . . . . . 673
Practice Exam I . . . . . . . . . 681
Fluid and Electrolytes and Acid/Base Balance. . . . . 682
Care of the Client with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . 686
Care of the Client with Endocrine Disorders . . . . . 693
Care of the Client with Immunological Disorders . . . . . 700
Care of the Childbearing Client and the Neonatal Client . . . . 705
Practice Exam II. . . . . . . . . 717
Care of the Client with Respiratory Disorders . . . . . 718
Care of the Client with Genitourinary Disorders. . . . . 723
Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders . . . . . 728
Care of the Client with Sensory Disorders . . . . . 731
Care of the Pediatric Client . . . . . . . 736
Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders. . . . . 744
Emergency Care. . . . . . . . 749
Practice Exam III . . . . . . . . . 753
Care of the Client with Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders . . 754
Care of the Client with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . 760
Care of the Client with Neoplastic Disorders . . . . . 767
Care of the Client with Neurological Disorders. . . . . 777
Care of the Client with Hematological Disorders . . . . . 786
Practice Exam IV Management and Alternative Item Exam Questions. . . . . 791
Management Questions . . . . . . . 792
Alternative Items . . . . . . . . 808
Answers to Practice Exam I . . . . . . . . 819
Answers at a Glance to Practice Exam I . . . . . . 819
Answers with Explanations . . . . . . . 821
Fluid and Electrolytes and Acid/Base Balance . . . . 821
Care of the Client with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . 823
Care of the Client with Endocrine Disorders . . . . 828
Care of the Client with Immunologic Disorders. . . . 832
Care of the Childbearing Client and the Neonatal Client. . . 835
Answers to Practice Exam II . . . . . . . . 843
Answers at a Glance to Practice Exam II . . . . . . 843
Answers with Explanations . . . . . . . 845
Care of the Client with Respiratory Disorders . . . . 845
Care of the Client with Genitourinary Disorders . . . . 848
Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders . . . . 851
Care of the Client with Sensory Disorders . . . . . 853
Care of the Pediatric Client . . . . . . 855
Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders. . . . 859
Emergency Care. . . . . . . . 862
Answers to Practice Exam III . . . . . . . . 865
Answers at a Glance to Practice Exam III . . . . . 865
Answers with Explanations . . . . . . . 867
Care of the Client with Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders . 867
Care of the Client with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . 870
Care of the Client with Neoplastic Disorders . . . . 873
Care of the Client with Neurological Disorders . . . . 878
Care of the Client with Hematological Disorders . . . . 883
Answers to Practice Exam IV: Management and Alternative Item Exam Questions. . . . . 885
Answers to Management Questions . . . . . . 885
Alternative Item Answers . . . . . . . 894
Part III: Appendixes
Appendix A: Things You Forgot . . . . . . . . . 899
Appendix B: Need to Know More?. . . . . . . . 905
Appendix C: Calculations . . . . . . . . . 911
Appendix D: Most Commonly-Prescribed Medications in the United States . . . . 915
TOC, 9780789751065, 11/21/2013
Updates
Errata
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