Sample Pages
Download the sample pages (includes Chapter 1 thru 3 and Index)
Table of Contents
Introduction xx
Chapter 1 LAN Design 1
Objectives 1
Key Terms 1
Introduction (1.0.1.1) 3
Campus Wired LAN Designs (1.1) 4
Cisco Validated Designs (1.1.1) 4
The Need to Scale the Network (1.1.1.1) 4
Hierarchical Design Model (1.1.1.2) 6
Expanding the Network (1.1.2) 8
Design for Scalability (1.1.2.1) 8
Planning for Redundancy (1.1.2.2) 10
Failure Domains (1.1.2.3) 11
Increasing Bandwidth (1.1.2.4) 13
Expanding the Access Layer (1.1.2.5) 14
Fine-tuning Routing Protocols (1.1.2.6) 15
Selecting Network Devices (1.2) 17
Switch Hardware (1.2.1) 17
Switch Platforms (1.2.1.1) 17
Port Density (1.2.1.2) 21
Forwarding Rates (1.2.1.3) 22
Power over Ethernet (1.2.1.4) 23
Multilayer Switching (1.2.1.5) 24
Router Hardware (1.2.2) 26
Router Requirements (1.2.2.1) 26
Cisco Routers (1.2.2.2) 27
Router Hardware (1.2.2.3) 28
Managing Devices (1.2.3) 29
Managing IOS Files and Licensing (1.2.3.1) 30
In-Band versus Out-of-Band Management (1.2.3.2) 30
Basic Router CLI Commands (1.2.3.3) 31
Basic Router Show Commands (1.2.3.4) 34
Basic Switch CLI Commands (1.2.3.5) 38
Basic Switch Show Commands (1.2.3.6) 40
Summary (1.3) 43
Practice 44
Check Your Understanding Questions 45
Chapter 2 Scaling VLANs 47
Objectives 47
Key Terms 47
Introduction (2.0.1.1) 48
VTP, Extended VLANs, and DTP (2.1) 48
VTP Concepts and Operation (2.1.1) 49
VTP Overview (2.1.1.1) 49
VTP Modes (2.1.1.2) 50
VTP Advertisements (2.1.1.3) 52
VTP Versions (2.1.1.4) 53
Default VTP Configuration (2.1.1.5) 53
VTP Caveats (2.1.1.6) 55
VTP Configuration (2.1.2) 57
VTP Configuration Overview (2.1.2.1) 57
Step 1–Configure the VTP Server (2.1.2.2) 58
Step 2–Configure the VTP Domain Name and Password (2.1.2.3) 59
Step 3–Configure the VTP Clients (2.1.2.4) 60
Step 4–Configure VLANs on the VTP Server (2.1.2.5) 60
Step 5–Verify That the VTP Clients Have Received the New VLAN Information (2.1.2.6) 62
Extended VLANs (2.1.3) 63
VLAN Ranges on Catalyst Switches (2.1.3.1) 63
Creating a VLAN (2.1.3.2) 65
Assigning Ports to VLANs (2.1.3.3) 66
Verifying VLAN Information (2.1.3.4) 67
Configuring Extended VLANs (2.1.3.5) 69
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (2.1.4) 71
Introduction to DTP (2.1.4.1) 71
Negotiated Interface Modes (2.1.4.2) 72
Troubleshoot Multi-VLAN Issues (2.2) 75
Inter-VLAN Configuration Issues (2.2.1) 75
Deleting VLANs (2.2.1.1) 75
Switch Port Issues (2.2.1.2) 77
Verify Switch Configuration (2.2.1.3) 79
Interface Issues (2.2.1.4) 81
Verify Routing Configuration (2.2.1.5) 82
IP Addressing Issues (2.2.2) 83
Errors with IP Addresses and Subnet Masks (2.2.2.1) 83
Verifying IP Address and Subnet Mask Configuration Issues (2.2.2.2) 85
VTP and DTP Issues (2.2.3) 88
Troubleshoot VTP Issues (2.2.3.1) 88
Troubleshoot DTP Issues (2.2.3.2) 89
Layer 3 Switching (2.3) 89
Layer 3 Switching Operation and Configuration (2.3.1) 90
Introduction to Layer 3 Switching (2.3.1.1) 90
Inter-VLAN Routing with Switch Virtual Interfaces (2.3.1.2) 91
Inter-VLAN Routing with Switch Virtual Interfaces (Con’t.) (2.3.1.3) 92
Inter-VLAN Routing with Routed Ports (2.3.1.4) 94
Troubleshoot Layer 3 Switching (2.3.2) 95
Layer 3 Switch Configuration Issues (2.3.2.1) 95
Example: Troubleshooting Layer 3 Switching (2.3.2.2) 96
Summary (2.4) 99
Practice 99
Check Your Understanding Questions 100
Chapter 3 STP 105
Objectives 105
Key Terms 105
Introduction (3.0.1.1) 107
Spanning Tree Concepts (3.1) 108
Purpose of Spanning Tree (3.1.1) 108
Redundancy at OSI Layers 1 and 2 (3.1.1.1) 108
Issues with Layer 1 Redundancy: MAC Database Instability (3.1.1.2) 109
Issues with Layer 1 Redundancy: Broadcast Storms (3.1.1.3) 111
Issues with Layer 1 Redundancy: Duplicate Unicast Frames (3.1.1.4) 113
STP Operation (3.1.2) 114
Spanning Tree Algorithm: Introduction (3.1.2.1) 114
Spanning Tree Algorithm: Port Roles (3.1.2.2) 117
Spanning Tree Algorithm: Root Bridge (3.1.2.3) 119
Spanning Tree Algorithm: Root Path Cost (3.1.2.4) 121
Port Role Decisions for RSTP (3.1.2.5) 124
Designated and Alternate Ports (3.1.2.6) 127
802.1D BPDU Frame Format (3.1.2.7) 128
802.1D BPDU Propagation and Process (3.1.2.8) 131
Extended System ID (3.1.2.9) 136
Varieties of Spanning Tree Protocols (3.2) 140
Overview (3.2.1) 140
Types of Spanning Tree Protocols (3.2.1.1) 140
Characteristics of the Spanning Tree Protocols (3.2.1.2) 141
PVST+ (3.2.2) 143
Overview of PVST+ (3.2.2.1) 143
Port States and PVST+ Operation (3.2.2.2) 144
Extended System ID and PVST+ Operation (3.2.2.3) 146
Rapid PVST+ (3.2.3) 148
Overview of Rapid PVST+ (3.2.3.1) 148
RSTP BPDUs (3.2.3.2) 149
Edge Ports (3.2.3.3) 150
Link Types (3.2.3.4) 152
Spanning Tree Configuration (3.3) 153
PVST+ Configuration (3.3.1) 153
Catalyst 2960 Default Configuration (3.3.1.1) 153
Configuring and Verifying the Bridge ID (3.3.1.2) 154
PortFast and BPDU Guard (3.3.1.3) 156
PVST+ Load Balancing (3.3.1.4) 158
Rapid PVST+ Configuration (3.3.2) 160
Spanning Tree Mode (3.3.2.1) 161
STP Configuration Issues (3.3.3) 163
Analyzing the STP Topology (3.3.3.1) 164
Expected Topology versus Actual Topology (3.3.3.2) 164
Overview of Spanning Tree Status (3.3.3.3) 165
Spanning Tree Failure Consequences (3.3.3.4) 166
Repairing a Spanning Tree Problem (3.3.3.5) 169
Switch Stacking and Chassis Aggregation (3.3.4) 169
Switch Stacking Concepts (3.3.4.1) 169
Spanning Tree and Switch Stacks (3.3.4.2) 170
Summary (3.4) 173
Practice 174
Check Your Understanding Questions 174
Chapter 4 EtherChannel and HSRP 179
Objectives 179
Key Terms 179
Introduction (4.0.1.1) 180
Link Aggregation Concepts (4.1) 181
Link Aggregation (4.1.1) 181
Introduction to Link Aggregation (4.1.1.1) 181
Advantages of EtherChannel (4.1.1.2) 182
EtherChannel Operation (4.1.2) 183
Implementation Restrictions (4.1.2.1) 183
Port Aggregation Protocol (4.1.2.2) 185
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (4.1.2.3) 186
Link Aggregation Configuration (4.2) 188
Configuring EtherChannel (4.2.1) 188
Configuration Guidelines (4.2.1.1) 188
Configuring Interfaces (4.2.1.2) 189
Verifying and Troubleshooting EtherChannel (4.2.2) 191
Verifying EtherChannel (4.2.2.1) 191
Troubleshooting EtherChannel (4.2.2.2) 194
First Hop Redundancy Protocols (4.3) 198
Concept of First Hop Redundancy Protocols (4.3.1) 198
Default Gateway Limitations (4.3.1.1) 198
Router Redundancy (4.3.1.2) 199
Steps for Router Failover (4.3.1.3) 200
First Hop Redundancy Protocols (4.3.1.5) 201
HSRP Operations (4.3.2) 202
HSRP Overview (4.3.2.1) 203
HSRP Versions (4.3.2.2) 204
HSRP Priority and Preemption (4.3.2.3) 204
HSRP States and Timers (4.3.2.4) 205
HSRP Configuration (4.3.3) 206
HSRP Configuration Commands (4.3.3.1) 206
HSRP Sample Configuration (4.3.3.2) 207
HSRP Verification (4.3.3.3) 208
HSRP Troubleshooting (4.3.4) 209
HSRP Failure (4.3.4.1) 209
HSRP Debug Commands (4.3.4.2) 210
Common HSRP Configuration Issues (4.3.4.3) 213
Summary (4.4) 214
Practice 215
Check Your Understanding Questions 216
Chapter 5 Dynamic Routing 219
Objectives 219
Key Terms 219
Introduction (5.0.1.1) 221
Dynamic Routing Protocols (5.1) 222
Types of Routing Protocols (5.1.1) 222
Classifying Routing Protocols (5.1.1.1) 222
IGP and EGP Routing Protocols (5.1.1.2) 224
Distance Vector Routing Protocols (5.1.1.3) 226
Link-State Routing Protocols (5.1.1.4) 226
Classful Routing Protocols (5.1.1.5) 228
Classless Routing Protocols (5.1.1.6) 231
Routing Protocol Characteristics (5.1.1.7) 233
Routing Protocol Metrics (5.1.1.8) 234
Distance Vector Dynamic Routing (5.2) 236
Distance Vector Fundamentals (5.2.1) 236
Dynamic Routing Protocol Operation (5.2.1.1) 236
Cold Start (5.2.1.2) 237
Network Discovery (5.2.1.3) 238
Exchanging the Routing Information (5.2.1.4) 239
Achieving Convergence (5.2.1.5) 241
Distance Vector Routing Protocol Operation (5.2.2) 242
Distance Vector Technologies (5.2.2.1) 242
Distance Vector Algorithm (5.2.2.2) 242
Types of Distance Vector Routing Protocols (5.2.3) 245
Routing Information Protocol (5.2.3.1) 245
Enhanced Interior-Gateway Routing Protocol (5.2.3.2) 246
Link-State Dynamic Routing (5.3) 248
Link-State Routing Protocol Operation (5.3.1) 248
Shortest Path First Protocols (5.3.1.1) 248
Dijkstra’s Algorithm (5.3.1.2) 248
SPF Example (5.3.1.3) 249
Link-State Updates (5.3.2) 251
Link-State Routing Process (5.3.2.1) 251
Link and Link-State (5.3.2.2) 252
Say Hello (5.3.2.3) 256
Building the Link-State Packet (5.3.2.4) 257
Flooding the LSP (5.3.2.5) 258
Building the Link-State Database (5.3.2.6) 259
Building the SPF Tree (5.3.2.7) 260
Adding OSPF Routes to the Routing Table (5.3.2.8) 264
Link-State Routing Protocol Benefits (5.3.3) 264
Why Use Link-State Protocols? (5.3.3.1) 264
Disadvantages of Link-State Protocols (5.3.3.2) 265
Protocols That Use Link-State (5.3.3.3) 267
Summary (5.4) 268
Practice 269
Check Your Understanding Questions 269
Chapter 6 EIGRP 273
Objectives 273
Key Terms 273
Introduction (6.0.1.1) 274
EIGRP Characteristics (6.1) 274
EIGRP Basic Features (6.1.1) 274
Features of EIGRP (6.1.1.1) 274
Protocol Dependent Modules (6.1.1.2) 276
Reliable Transport Protocol (6.1.1.3) 278
Authentication (6.1.1.4) 279
EIGRP Packet Types (6.1.2) 279
EIGRP Packet Types (6.1.2.1) 279
EIGRP Hello Packets (6.1.2.2) 280
EIGRP Update and Acknowledgment Packets (6.1.2.3) 281
EIGRP Query and Reply Packets (6.1.2.4) 283
EIGRP Messages (6.1.3) 284
Encapsulating EIGRP Messages (6.1.3.1) 284
EIGRP Packet Header and TLV (6.1.3.2) 285
Implement EIGRP for IPv4 (6.2) 289
Configure EIGRP with IPv4 (6.2.1) 289
EIGRP Network Topology (6.2.1.1) 289
Autonomous System Numbers (6.2.1.2) 291
The router eigrp Command (6.2.1.3) 292
EIGRP Router ID (6.2.1.4) 293
Configuring the EIGRP Router ID (6.2.1.5) 295
The network Command (6.2.1.6) 296
The network Command and Wildcard Mask (6.2.1.7) 298
Passive Interface (6.2.1.8) 300
Verify EIGRP with IPv4 (6.2.2) 302
Verifying EIGRP: Examining Neighbors (6.2.2.1) 302
Verifying EIGRP: show ip protocols Command (6.2.2.2) 304
Verifying EIGRP: Examine the IPv4 Routing Table (6.2.2.3) 306
EIGRP Operation (6.3) 309
EIGRP Initial Route Discovery (6.3.1) 309
EIGRP Neighbor Adjacency (6.3.1.1) 310
EIGRP Topology Table (6.3.1.2) 311
EIGRP Convergence (6.3.1.3) 312
EIGRP Metrics (6.3.2) 313
EIGRP Composite Metric (6.3.2.1) 313
Examining Interface Metric Values (6.3.2.2) 315
Bandwidth Metric (6.3.2.3) 316
Delay Metric (6.3.2.4) 319
How to Calculate the EIGRP Metric (6.3.2.5) 320
Calculating the EIGRP Metric (6.3.2.6) 321
DUAL and the Topology Table (6.3.3) 323
DUAL Concepts (6.3.3.1) 323
Introduction to DUAL (6.3.3.2) 324
Successor and Feasible Distance (6.3.3.3) 324
Feasible Successors, Feasibility Condition, and
Reported Distance (6.3.3.4) 326
Topology Table: show ip eigrp topology Command (6.3.3.5) 328
Topology Table: show ip eigrp topology Command (Cont.) (6.3.3.6) 329
Topology Table: No Feasible Successor (6.3.3.7) 332
DUAL and Convergence (6.3.4) 334
DUAL Finite State Machine (FSM) (6.3.4.1) 334
DUAL: Feasible Successor (6.3.4.2) 335
DUAL: No Feasible Successor (6.3.4.3) 338
Implement EIGRP for IPv6 (6.4) 341
EIGRP for IPv6 (6.4.1) 341
EIGRP for IPv6 (6.4.1.1) 341
Compare EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 (6.4.1.2) 342
IPv6 Link-local Addresses (6.4.1.3) 344
Configure EIGRP for IPv6 (6.4.2) 345
EIGRP for IPv6 Network Topology (6.4.2.1) 345
Configuring IPv6 Link-local Addresses (6.4.2.2) 347
Configuring the EIGRP for IPv6 Routing Process (6.4.2.3) 349
The ipv6 eigrp Interface Command (6.4.2.4) 350
Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 (6.4.3) 352
IPv6 Neighbor Table (6.4.3.1) 352
The show ip protocols Command (6.4.3.2) 354
The EIGRP for IPv6 Routing Table (6.4.3.3) 355
Summary (6.5) 358
Practice 359
Check Your Understanding Questions 360
Chapter 7 EIGRP Tuning and Troubleshooting 365
Objectives 365
Key Terms 365
Introduction (7.0.1.1) 366
Tune EIGRP (7.1) 366
Automatic Summarization (7.1.1) 366
Network Topology (7.1.1.1) 367
EIGRP Automatic Summarization (7.1.1.2) 369
Configuring EIGRP Automatic Summarization (7.1.1.3) 371
Verifying Auto-Summary: show ip protocols (7.1.1.4) 372
Verifying Auto-Summary: Topology Table (7.1.1.5) 375
Verifying Auto-Summary: Routing Table (7.1.1.6) 376
Summary Route (7.1.1.7) 378
Summary Route (Cont.) (7.1.1.8) 379
Default Route Propagation (7.1.2) 380
Propagating a Default Static Route (7.1.2.1) 380
Verifying the Propagated Default Route (7.1.2.2) 382
EIGRP for IPv6: Default Route (7.1.2.3) 383
Fine-tuning EIGRP Interfaces (7.1.3) 384
EIGRP Bandwidth Utilization (7.1.3.1) 385
Hello and Hold Timers (7.1.3.2) 386
Load Balancing IPv4 (7.1.3.3) 388
Load Balancing IPv6 (7.1.3.4) 390
Troubleshoot EIGRP (7.2) 392
Components of Troubleshooting EIGRP (7.2.1) 392
Basic EIGRP Troubleshooting Commands (7.2.1.1) 392
Components (7.2.1.2) 394
Troubleshoot EIGRP Neighbor Issues (7.2.2) 397
Layer 3 Connectivity (7.2.2.1) 397
EIGRP Parameters (7.2.2.2) 398
EIGRP Interfaces (7.2.2.3) 399
Troubleshoot EIGRP Routing Table Issues (7.2.3) 401
Passive Interface (7.2.3.1) 401
Missing Network Statement (7.2.3.2) 403
Autosummarization (7.2.3.3) 405
Summary (7.3) 410
Practice 411
Check Your Understanding Questions 412
Chapter 8 Single-Area OSPF 415
Objectives 415
Key Terms 415
Introduction (8.0.1.1) 416
OSPF Characteristics (8.1) 416
Open Shortest Path First (8.1.1) 416
Evolution of OSPF (8.1.1.1) 417
Features of OSPF (8.1.1.2) 418
Components of OSPF (8.1.1.3) 419
Link-State Operation (8.1.1.4) 420
Single-Area and Multiarea OSPF (8.1.1.5) 424
OSPF Messages (8.1.2) 426
Encapsulating OSPF Messages (8.1.2.1) 426
Types of OSPF Packets (8.1.2.2) 428
Hello Packet (8.1.2.3) 428
Hello Packet Intervals (8.1.2.4) 430
Link-State Updates (8.1.2.5) 430
OSPF Operation (8.1.3) 431
OSPF Operational States (8.1.3.1) 432
Establish Neighbor Adjacencies (8.1.3.2) 433
OSPF DR and BDR (8.1.3.3) 435
Synchronizing OSPF Databases (8.1.3.4) 438
Single-Area OSPFv2 (8.2) 440
OSPF Router ID (8.2.1) 441
OSPF Network Topology (8.2.1.1) 441
Router OSPF Configuration Mode (8.2.1.2) 442
Router IDs (8.2.1.3) 442
Configuring an OSPF Router ID (8.2.1.4) 444
Modifying a Router ID (8.2.1.5) 445
Using a Loopback Interface as the Router ID (8.2.1.6) 447
Configure Single-Area OSPFv2 (8.2.2) 448
Enabling OSPF on Interfaces (8.2.2.1) 448
Wildcard Mask (8.2.2.2) 448
The network Command (8.2.2.3) 449
Passive Interface (8.2.2.4) 450
Configuring Passive Interfaces (8.2.2.5) 451
OSPF Cost (8.2.3) 453
OSPF Metric = Cost (8.2.3.1) 454
OSPF Accumulates Costs (8.2.3.2) 455
Adjusting the Reference Bandwidth (8.2.3.3) 456
Default Interface Bandwidths (8.2.3.4) 460
Adjusting the Interface Bandwidth (8.2.3.5) 462
Manually Setting the OSPF Cost (8.2.3.6) 463
Verify OSPF (8.2.4) 464
Verify OSPF Neighbors (8.2.4.1) 465
Verify OSPF Protocol Settings (8.2.4.2) 466
Verify OSPF Process Information (8.2.4.3) 466
Verify OSPF Interface Settings (8.2.4.4) 468
Single-Area OSPFv3 (8.3) 469
OSPFv2 vs. OSPFv3 (8.3.1) 469
OSPFv3 (8.3.1.1) 469
Similarities Between OSPFv2 to OSPFv3 (8.3.1.2) 471
Differences Between OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 (8.3.1.3) 471
Link-Local Addresses (8.3.1.4) 472
Configuring OSPFv3 (8.3.2) 473
OSPFv3 Network Topology (8.3.2.1) 473
Link-Local Addresses (8.3.2.2) 475
Assigning Link-Local Addresses (8.3.2.3) 476
Configuring the OSPFv3 Router ID (8.3.2.4) 477
Modifying an OSPFv3 Router ID (8.3.2.5) 479
Enabling OSPFv3 on Interfaces (8.3.2.6) 481
Verify OSPFv3 (8.3.3) 481
Verify OSPFv3 Neighbors (8.3.3.1) 482
Verify OSPFv3 Protocol Settings (8.3.3.2) 483
Verify OSPFv3 Interfaces (8.3.3.3) 483
Verify the IPv6 Routing Table (8.3.3.4) 484
Summary (8.4) 486
Practice 487
Check Your Understanding Questions 488
Chapter 9 Multiarea OSPF 493
Objectives 493
Key Terms 493
Introduction (9.0.1.1) 494
Multiarea OSPF Operation (9.1) 494
Why Multiarea OSPF? (9.1.1) 494
Single-Area OSPF (9.1.1.1) 494
Multiarea OSPF (9.1.1.2) 495
OSPF Two-Layer Area Hierarchy (9.1.1.3) 498
Types of OSPF Routers (9.1.1.4) 499
Multiarea OSPF LSA Operation (9.1.2) 501
OSPF LSA Types (9.1.2.1) 502
OSPF LSA Type 1 (9.1.2.2) 502
OSPF LSA Type 2 (9.1.2.3) 503
OSPF LSA Type 3 (9.1.2.4) 504
OSPF LSA Type 4 (9.1.2.5) 505
OSPF LSA Type 5 (9.1.2.6) 506
OSPF Routing Table and Types of Routes (9.1.3) 506
OSPF Routing Table Entries (9.1.3.1) 507
OSPF Route Calculation (9.1.3.2) 508
Configuring Multiarea OSPF (9.2) 509
Configuring Multiarea OSPF (9.2.1) 510
Implementing Multiarea OSPF (9.2.1.1) 510
Configuring Multiarea OSPFv2 (9.2.1.2) 511
Configuring Multiarea OSPFv3 (9.2.1.3) 513
Verifying Multiarea OSPF (9.2.2) 515
Verifying Multiarea OSPFv2 (9.2.2.1) 515
Verify General Multiarea OSPFv2 Settings (9.2.2.2) 515
Verify the OSPFv2 Routes (9.2.2.3) 516
Verify the Multiarea OSPFv2 LSDB (9.2.2.4) 517
Verify Multiarea OSPFv3 (9.2.2.5) 518
Summary (9.3) 522
Practice 523
Check Your Understanding Questions 524
Chapter 10 OSPF Tuning and Troubleshooting 527
Objectives 527
Key Terms 527
Introduction (10.0.1.1) 528
Advanced Single-Area OSPF Configurations (10.1) 528
OSPF in Multiaccess Networks (10.1.1) 528
OSPF Network Types (10.1.1.1) 528
Challenges in Multiaccess Networks (10.1.1.2) 531
OSPF Designated Router (10.1.1.3) 533
Verifying DR/BDR Roles (10.1.1.4) 535
Verifying DR/BDR Adjacencies (10.1.1.5) 538
Default DR/BDR Election Process (10.1.1.6) 540
DR/BDR Election Process (10.1.1.7) 541
The OSPF Priority (10.1.1.8) 544
Changing the OSPF Priority (10.1.1.9) 544
Default Route Propagation (10.1.2) 547
Propagating a Default Static Route in OSPFv2 (10.1.2.1) 547
Verifying the Propagated IPv4 Default Route (10.1.2.2) 549
Propagating a Default Static Route in OSPFv3 (10.1.2.3) 551
Verifying the Propagated IPv6 Default Route (10.1.2.4) 552
Fine-tuning OSPF Interfaces (10.1.3) 554
OSPF Hello and Dead Intervals (10.1.3.1) 554
Modifying OSPFv2 Intervals (10.1.3.2) 555
Modifying OSPFv3 Intervals (10.1.3.3) 557
Troubleshooting Single-Area OSPF Implementations (10.2) 560
Components of Troubleshooting Single-Area OSPF (10.2.1) 560
Overview (10.2.1.1) 560
OSPF States (10.2.1.2) 560
OSPF Troubleshooting Commands (10.2.1.3) 562
Components of Troubleshooting OSPF (10.2.1.4) 566
Troubleshoot Single-Area OSPFv2 Routing Issues (10.2.2) 569
Troubleshooting Neighbor Issues (10.2.2.1) 569
Troubleshooting OSPFv2 Routing Table Issues (10.2.2.2) 573
Troubleshoot Single-Area OSPFv3 Routing Issues (10.2.3) 576
OSPFv3 Troubleshooting Commands (10.2.3.1) 576
Troubleshooting OSPFv3 (10.2.3.2) 580
Troubleshooting Multiarea OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 (10.2.4) 582
Multiarea OSPF Troubleshooting Skills (10.2.4.1) 582
Multiarea OSPF Troubleshooting Data Structures (10.2.4.2) 583
Summary (10.3) 585
Practice 587
Check Your Understanding Questions 587
Appendix A Answers to the Review Questions 591
Glossary 603
9781587134340 TOC 7/18/2017
