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Network Defense and Countermeasures: Principles and Practices, 2nd Edition

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Network Defense and Countermeasures: Principles and Practices, 2nd Edition

By William Easttom
Published Oct 28, 2013 by Pearson IT Certification.

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Updates

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Features

Updates-Updated for the many technology changes since the first book published in 2005
Real-World Applications-Includes topics such as physical security and disaster recovery, social engineering, and common hacking techniques
Current Techniques-Virus and defense techniques updated to what is happening in 2013
Thorough Information-Solid coverage of cryptography including its history, symmetric key systems, public/private key systems, and digital signatures and certificates
Lots of Practice Opportunities-Contains end-of-chapter exercises, projects, review questions, and real-world tips

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Description

Copyright 2014
Dimensions: 7" x 9-1/8"
Pages: 496
Edition: 2nd

Book
ISBN-10: 0-7897-5094-5
ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-5094-5

Network Defense and Countermeasures:

Principles and Practices

Everything you need to know about modern network attacks and defense, in one book

Clearly explains core network security concepts, challenges, technologies, and skills

Thoroughly updated for the latest attacks and countermeasures

The perfect beginner’s guide for anyone interested in a network security career

Security is the IT industry’s hottest topic–and that’s where the hottest opportunities are, too. Organizations desperately need professionals who can help them safeguard against the most sophisticated attacks ever created–attacks from well-funded global criminal syndicates, and even governments.

Today, security begins with defending the organizational network. Network Defense and Countermeasures, Second Edition is today’s most complete, easy-to-understand introduction to modern network attacks and their effective defense.

From malware and DDoS attacks to firewalls and encryption, Chuck Easttom blends theoretical foundations with up-to-the-minute best-practice techniques. Starting with the absolute basics, he discusses crucial topics many security books overlook, including the emergence of network-based espionage and terrorism.

If you have a basic understanding of networks, that’s all the background you’ll need to succeed with this book: no math or advanced computer science is required. You’ll find projects, questions, exercises, case studies, links to expert resources, and a complete glossary–all designed to deepen your understanding and prepare you to defend real-world networks.

Chuck Easttom has worked in all aspects of IT, including network administration, software engineering, and IT management. For several years, he has taught IT topics in college and corporate environments, worked as an independent IT consultant, and served as an expert witness in court cases involving computers. He holds 28 industry certifications, including CISSP, ISSAP, Certified Ethical Hacker, Certified Hacking Forensics Investigator, EC Council Certified Security Administrator, and EC Council Certified Instructor. He served as subject matter expert for CompTIA in its development or revision of four certification tests, including Security+. He recently assisted the EC Council in developing its new advanced cryptography course. Easttom has authored 13 books on topics including computer security and crime.

Learn how to

n Understand essential network security concepts, challenges, and careers

n Learn how modern attacks work

n Discover how firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and virtual private networks (VPNs) combine to protect modern networks

n Select the right security technologies for any network environment

n Use encryption to protect information

n Harden Windows and Linux systems and keep them patched

n Securely configure web browsers to resist attacks

n Defend against malware

n Define practical, enforceable security policies

n Use the “6 Ps” to assess technical and human aspects of system security

n Detect and fix system vulnerability

n Apply proven security standards and models, including Orange Book, Common Criteria, and Bell-LaPadula

n Ensure physical security and prepare for disaster recovery

n Know your enemy: learn basic hacking, and see how to counter it

n Understand standard forensic techniques and prepare for investigations of digital crime

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Network Defense and Countermeasures: Assessing System Security

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Chapter 1: Introduction to Network Security 2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

The Basics of a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Basic Network Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

The OSI Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

What Does This Mean for Security? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Assessing Likely Threats to the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Classifications of Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Likely Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Threat Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Understanding Security Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Choosing a Network Security Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Network Security and the Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Using Security Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Chapter 2: Types of Attacks 38

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Understanding Denial of Service Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Defending Against Buffer Overflow Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Defending Against IP Spoofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Defending Against Session Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Blocking Virus and Trojan Horse Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Chapter 3: Fundamentals of Firewalls 72

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

What Is a Firewall? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Implementing Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Selecting and Using a Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Using Proxy Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Chapter 4: Firewall Practical Applications 96

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Using Single Machine Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Windows 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

User Account Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Linux Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Using Small Office/Home Office Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Using Medium-Sized Network Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Using Enterprise Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Chapter 5: Intrusion-Detection Systems 122

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Understanding IDS Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Understanding and Implementing IDS Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Understanding and Implementing Honey Pots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Chapter 6: Encryption Fundamentals 142

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

The History of Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Learning About Modern Encryption Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Identifying Good Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Understanding Digital Signatures and Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Understanding and Using Decryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Cracking Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Steganography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Steganalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Exploring the Future of Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Chapter 7: Virtual Private Networks 170

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Basic VPN Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Using VPN Protocols for VPN Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

IPSec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Implementing VPN Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Chapter 8: Operating System Hardening 192

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Configuring Windows Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Configuring Linux Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Patching the Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Configuring Browsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Chapter 9: Defending Against Virus Attacks 228

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Understanding Virus Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Virus Scanners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Antivirus Policies and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Additional Methods for Defending Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

What to Do If Your System Is Infected by a Virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Chapter 10: Defending Against Trojan Horses, Spyware, and Adware 258

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Trojan Horses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Spyware and Adware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Chapter 11: Security Policies 280

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Defining User Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Defining System Administration Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Defining Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Defining Developmental Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Chapter 12: Assessing System Security 302

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Evaluating the Security Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Making the Initial Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Probing the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

Security Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Chapter 13: Security Standards 338

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Using the Orange Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Using the Rainbow Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Using the Common Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Using Security Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

U.S. Federal Regulations, Guidelines, and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Chapter 14: Physical Security and Disaster Recovery 366

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Physical Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Disaster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Ensuring Fault Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Chapter 15: Techniques Used by Attackers 376

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Preparing to Hack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

The Attack Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

Chapter 16: Introduction to Forensics 396

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

General Forensics Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

FBI Forensics Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

Finding Evidence on the PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Gathering Evidence from a Cell Phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Forensic Tools to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Chapter 17: Cyber Terrorism 414

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Defending Against Computer-Based Espionage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Defending Against Computer-Based Terrorism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Choosing Defense Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Test Your Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

Appendix A: References 440

Glossary 444

Index 454

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Pearson may provide personal information to a third party service provider on a restricted basis to provide marketing solely on behalf of Pearson or an affiliate or customer for whom Pearson is a service provider. Marketing preferences may be changed at any time.

Correcting/Updating Personal Information

If a user's personally identifiable information changes (such as your postal address or email address), we provide a way to correct or update that user's personal data provided to us. This can be done on the Account page. If a user no longer desires our service and desires to delete his or her account, please contact us at customer-service@informit.com and we will process the deletion of a user's account.

Choice/Opt-out

Users can always make an informed choice as to whether they should proceed with certain services offered by Adobe Press. If you choose to remove yourself from our mailing list(s) simply visit the following page and uncheck any communication you no longer want to receive: www.pearsonitcertification.com/u.aspx.

Sale of Personal Information

Pearson does not rent or sell personal information in exchange for any payment of money.

While Pearson does not sell personal information, as defined in Nevada law, Nevada residents may email a request for no sale of their personal information to NevadaDesignatedRequest@pearson.com.

Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents

California residents should read our Supplemental privacy statement for California residents in conjunction with this Privacy Notice. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services.

Sharing and Disclosure

Pearson may disclose personal information, as follows:

As required by law.
With the consent of the individual (or their parent, if the individual is a minor)
In response to a subpoena, court order or legal process, to the extent permitted or required by law
To protect the security and safety of individuals, data, assets and systems, consistent with applicable law
In connection the sale, joint venture or other transfer of some or all of its company or assets, subject to the provisions of this Privacy Notice
To investigate or address actual or suspected fraud or other illegal activities
To exercise its legal rights, including enforcement of the Terms of Use for this site or another contract
To affiliated Pearson companies and other companies and organizations who perform work for Pearson and are obligated to protect the privacy of personal information consistent with this Privacy Notice
To a school, organization, company or government agency, where Pearson collects or processes the personal information in a school setting or on behalf of such organization, company or government agency.

Links

This web site contains links to other sites. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects Personal Information. This privacy statement applies solely to information collected by this web site.

Requests and Contact

Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information.

Changes to this Privacy Notice

We may revise this Privacy Notice through an updated posting. We will identify the effective date of the revision in the posting. Often, updates are made to provide greater clarity or to comply with changes in regulatory requirements. If the updates involve material changes to the collection, protection, use or disclosure of Personal Information, Pearson will provide notice of the change through a conspicuous notice on this site or other appropriate way. Continued use of the site after the effective date of a posted revision evidences acceptance. Please contact us if you have questions or concerns about the Privacy Notice or any objection to any revisions.

Last Update: November 17, 2020

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