Implementing Cisco Unified Communications Voice over IP and QoS (CVOICE) Foundation Learning Guide is a Cisco^®-authorized, self-paced learning tool for CCNP Voice foundation learning. Developed in conjunction with the Cisco CCNP Voice certification team, it covers all aspects of planning, designing, and deploying Cisco VoIP networks and integrating gateways, gatekeepers, and QoS into them.

Updated throughout for the new CCNP Voice (CVOICE) Version 8.0 exam (642-437), this guide teaches you how to implement and operate gateways, gatekeepers, Cisco Unified Border Element, Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express, and QoS in a voice network architecture. Coverage includes voice gateways, characteristics of VoIP call legs, dial plans and their implementation, basic implementation of IP phones in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express environment, and essential information about gatekeepers and Cisco Unified Border Element. The book also provides information on voice-related QoS mechanisms that are required in Cisco Unified Communications networks.

Fourteen video lab demonstrations on the accompanying CD-ROM walk you step by step through configuring DHCP servers, CUCME autoregistration, ISDN PRI circuits, PSTN dial plans, DID, H.323 and MGCP gateways, VoIP dial peering, gatekeepers, COR, AutoQoS VoIP, and much more.

Whether you are preparing for CCNP Voice certification or simply want to gain a better understanding of VoIP and QoS, you will benefit from the foundation information presented in this book.

- Voice gateways, including operational modes, functions, related call leg types, and routing techniques

- Gateway connections to traditional voice circuits via analog and digital interfaces

- Basic VoIP configuration, including A/D conversion, encoding, packetization, gateway protocols, dial peers, and transmission of DTMF, fax, and modem tones

- Supporting Cisco IP Phones with Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express

- Dial plans, including digit manipulation, path selection, calling privileges, and more

- Gatekeepers, Cisco Unified Border Elements, and call admission control (CAC) configuration

- QoS issues and mechanisms

- Unique DiffServ QoS characteristics and mechanisms

- Cisco AutoQoS configuration and operation

Companion CD-ROM

The CD-ROM that accompanies this book contains 14 video lab demonstrations running approximately 90 minutes.

This book is in the Foundation Learning Guide Series. These guides are developed together with Cisco^® as the only authorized, self-paced learning tools that help networking professionals build their understanding of networking concepts and prepare for Cisco certification exams.

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Exam Profile: CCNP Voice CVOICE 642-437

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Implementing Cisco Unified Communications: Introducing Dial Plans

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Introduction xxx

Chapter 1 Introducing Voice Gateways 1

The Role of Gateways 1

Traditional Telephony Networks 2

Cisco Unified Communications Overview 3

Cisco Unified Communications Architecture 4

Cisco Unified Communications Business Benefits 5

Cisco Unified Communications Gateways 6

Gateway Operation 7

Comparing VoIP Signaling Protocols 10

Gateway Deployment Example 12

IP Telephony Deployment Models 13

Single-Site Deployment 14

Multisite WAN with Centralized Call-Processing Deployment 16

Multisite WAN with Distributed Call-Processing Deployment 20

Clustering over the IP WAN Deployment 24

Modern Gateway Hardware Platforms 27

Cisco 2900 Series Integrated Services Routers 27

Cisco 3900 Series Integrated Services Routers 27

Well-Known Older Enterprise Models 27

Cisco 2800 Series Integrated Services Routers 28

Cisco 3800 Series Integrated Services Routers 29

Specialized Voice Gateways 30

Cisco ATA 186 30

Cisco VG248 Analog Phone Gateway 30

Cisco AS5350XM Series Universal Gateway 30

Cisco AS5400 Series Universal Gateway Platforms 31

Cisco 7200 Series Routers 32

Gateway Operational Modes 32

Voice Gateway Call Legs 33

Voice-Switching Gateway 34

VoIP Gateway 34

Cisco Unified Border Element 35

How Voice Gateways Route Calls 36

Gateway Call-Routing Components 36

Dial Peers 37

Call Legs 39

Configuring POTS Dial Peers 41

Matching a Dial Peer 43

Matching Outbound Dial Peers 48

Default Dial Peer 49

Direct Inward Dialing 50

Two-Stage Dialing 51

One-Stage Dialing 54

Configuration of Voice Ports 57

Analog Voice Ports 58

Signaling Interfaces 59

Analog Voice Port Interfaces 59

Analog Signaling 61

FXS and FXO Supervisory Signaling 61

Analog Address Signaling 64

Informational Signaling 65

E&M Signaling 66

E&M Physical Interface 68

E&M Address Signaling 68

Configuring Analog Voice Ports 69

FXS Voice Port Configuration 69

FXO Voice Port Configuration 72

E&M Voice Port Configuration 74

Trunks 76

Analog Trunks 77

Centralized Automated Message Accounting Trunk 80

Direct Inward Dialing Trunk 83

Timers and Timing 85

Verifying Voice Ports 86

Digital Voice Ports 90

Digital Trunks 90

T1 CAS 92

E1 R2 CAS 94

Nonfacility Associated Signaling 99

Configuring a T1 CAS Trunk 100

Configuring T1 CAS Trunks: Inbound E&M FGD and Outbound FGD EANA Example 108

Configuring an E1 R2 Trunk Example 110

Configuring an ISDN Trunk 112

Verifying Digital Voice Ports 117

Cross-Connecting a DS0 with an Analog Port 123

Echo Cancellation 124

Echo Origin 124

Talker Echo 125

Listener Echo 125

Echo Cancellation 125

Echo Canceller Operation 126

Echo Canceller Components 126

Configuring Echo Cancellation 127

Voice Packets Processing with Codecs and DSPs 128

Codecs 128

Impact of Voice Samples and Packet Size on Bandwidth 130

Evaluating Quality of Codecs 130

Mean Opinion Score 131

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality 131

Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality 132

Test Method Comparison 132

Codec Quality 133

Evaluating Overhead 133

Bandwidth Calculation Example 135

Per-Call Bandwidth Using Common Codecs 135

Digital Signal Processors 136

Hardware Conferencing and Transcoding Resources 137

DSP Chip 138

Codec Complexity 140

Recommended Usage in Deployment Models 140

Packet Voice DSP Module Conferencing 141

DSP Calculator 141

Configuring DSPs 144

Configuring Conferencing and Transcoding on Voice Gateways 147

DSP Farms 148

DSP Profiles 149

SCCP Configuration 150

Unified Communications Manager Configuration 151

Cisco IOS Configuration Commands for Enhanced Media Resources 154

DSP Farm Configuration Commands for Enhanced Media Resources 155

SCCP Configuration Commands for Enhanced Media Resources 157

Verifying Media Resources 160

Summary 161

Chapter Review Questions 161

Chapter 2 Configuring Basic Voice over IP 165

Voice Coding and Transmission 165

VoIP Overview 166

Major Stages of Voice Processing in VoIP 166

VoIP Components 167

Sampling 169

Quantization 170

Coding 172

VoIP Packetization 173

Packetization Rate 173

Codec Operations 175

Packetization and Compression Example 175

VoIP Media Transmission 176

Real-Time Transport Protocol 177

Real-Time Transport Control Protocol 177

Compressed RTP 178

Secure RTP 179

VoIP Media Considerations 181

Voice Activity Detection 182

Bandwidth Savings 183

Voice Port Settings for VAD 184

Voice Signaling Protocols: H.323 184

H.323 Architecture 184

H.323 Advantages 185

H.323 Network Components 186

H.323 Call Flows 192

H.323 Slow Start Call Setup 193

H.323 Slow Start Call Teardown 194

H.225 RAS Call Setup 196

H.225 RAS Call Teardown 197

Codecs in H.323 199

Negotiation in Slow Start Call Setup 199

H.323 Fast Connect 200

H.323 Early Media 202

Configuring H.323 Gateways 203

H.323 Gateway Configuration Example 203

Customizing H.323 Gateways 204

H.323 Session Transport 204

Idle Connection and H.323 Source IP Address 205

H.225 Timers 205

H.323 Gateway Tuning Example 206

Verifying H.323 Gateways 206

Voice Signaling Protocols: SIP 207

SIP Architecture 207

Signaling and Deployment 208

SIP Architecture Components 208

SIP Servers 209

SIP Architecture Examples 210

SIP Call Flows 211

SIP Call Setup Using Proxy Server 212

SIP Call Setup Using Redirect Server 213

SIP Addressing 214

SIP Addressing Variants Example 214

Address Registration 215

Address Resolution 215

Codecs in SIP 216

Delayed Offer 218

Early Offer 219

Early Media 219

Configuring Basic SIP 221

User Agent Configuration 221

Dial-Peer Configuration 222

Basic SIP Configuration Example 222

Configuring SIP ISDN Support 223

Calling Name Display 223

Blocking and Substituting Caller ID 225

Blocking and Substituting Caller ID Commands 226

Configuring SIP SRTP Support 226

SIPS Global and Dial-Peer Commands 227

SRTP Global and Dial-Peer Commands 228

SIPS and SRTP Configuration Example 228

Customizing SIP Gateways 228

SIP Transport 229

SIP Source IP Address 229

SIP UA Timers 230

SIP Early Media 230

Gateway-to-Gateway Configuration Example 231

UA Example 232

Verifying SIP Gateways 233

SIP UA General Verification 233

SIP UA Registration Status 234

SIP UA Call Information 235

SIP Debugging Overview 236

Examining the INVITE Message 237

Examining the 200 OK Message 237

Examining the BYE Message 238

Voice Signaling Protocols: MGCP 239

MGCP Overview 239

MGCP Advantages 240

MGCP Architecture 240

MGCP Gateways 242

MGCP Call Agents 243

Basic MGCP Concepts 243

MGCP Calls and Connections 243

MGCP Control Commands 244

Package Types 245

MGCP Call Flows 246

Configuring MGCP Gateways 248

MGCP Residential Gateway Configuration Example 249

Configuring an MGCP Trunk Gateway Example 250

Configuring Fax Relay with MGCP Gateways 251

Verifying MGCP 254

Debug Commands 257

VoIP Quality Considerations 257

IP Networking and Audio Clarity 257

Jitter 258

Delay 259

Acceptable Delay 260

Packet Loss 261

VoIP and QoS 262

Objectives of QoS 263

Using QoS to Improve Voice Quality 264

Transporting Modulated Data over IP Networks 265

Differences from Fax Transmission in the PSTN 265

Fax Services over IP Networks 265

Understanding Fax/Modem Pass-Through, Relay, and Store and Forward 266

Fax Pass-Through 266

Modem Pass-Through 268

Fax Relay 269

Modem Relay 270

Store-and-Forward Fax 273

Gateway Signaling Protocols and Fax Pass-Through and Relay 274

Cisco Fax Relay 275

H.323 T.38 Fax Relay 277

SIP T.38 Fax Relay 278

MGCP T.38 Fax Relay 280

Gateway-Controlled MGCP T.38 Fax Relay 281

Call Agent—Controlled MGCP T.38 Fax Relay 281

DTMF Support 281

H.323 DTMF Support 282

MGCP DTMF Support 283

SIP DTMF Support 283

Customization of Dial Peers 284

Configuration Components of VoIP Dial Peer 284

VoIP Dial-Peer Characteristics 284

Configuring DTMF Relay 285

DTMF Relay Configuration Example 286

Configuring Fax/Modem Support 286

Cisco Fax Relay and Fax Pass-Through 287

T.38 Fax Relay Configuration 287

Fax Relay Speed Configuration 288

Fax Relay SG3 Support Configuration 288

Fax Support Configuration Example 289

Configuring Modem Support 289

Modem Pass-Through 289

Modem Relay 290

Modem Relay Compression 290

Modem Pass-Through and Modem Relay Interaction 291

Modem Support Configuration Example 291

Configuring Codecs 291

Codec-Related Dial-Peer Configuration 292

Codec Configuration Example 293

Limiting Concurrent Calls 294

Summary 294

Chapter Review Questions 294

Chapter 3 Supporting Cisco IP Phones with Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express 297

Introducing Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express 297

Fundamentals of Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express 298

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Positioning 298

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Deployment Models 299

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Key Features and Benefits 301

Phone Features 301

System Features 302

Trunk Features 303

Voice-Mail Features 303

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Supported Platforms 303

Cisco Integrated Services Routers Scalability 304

Cisco Integrated Services Routers Generation 2 Scalability 305

Memory Requirements 306

Cisco Integrated Services Routers Licensing and Software 306

Cisco Integrated Services Routers Generation 2 Licensing Model 307

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Operation 308

Operation of Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express 308

Overview of Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Endpoints 309

Endpoint Signaling Protocols 309

Endpoint Capabilities 309

Basic Cisco IP Phone Models 310

Midrange Cisco IP Phones 311

Upper-End Cisco IP Phones 313

Video-Enabled Cisco IP Phones 314

Conference Stations 315

Identifying Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Endpoint Requirements 318

Phone Startup Process 318

Power over Ethernet 322

Two PoE Technologies 322

Cisco Prestandard Device Detection 324

IEEE 802.3af Device Detection 324

Cisco Catalyst Switch: Configuring PoE 324

VLAN Infrastructure 325

Voice VLAN Support 326

Ethernet Frame Types Generated by Cisco IP Phones 329

Blocking PC VLAN Access at IP Phones 330

Limiting VLANs on Trunk Ports at the Switch 330

Configuring Voice VLAN in Access Ports Using Cisco IOS Software 331

Configuring Trunk Ports Using Cisco IOS Software 331

Verifying Voice VLAN Configuration 333

IP Addressing and DHCP 334

DHCP Parameters 335

Router Configuration with an IEEE 802.1Q Trunk 335

Router Configuration with Cisco EtherSwitch Network Module 336

DHCP Relay Configuration 337

Network Time Protocol 337

Endpoint Firmware and Configuration 338

Downloading Firmware 339

Firmware Images 340

Setting Up Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express in an SCCP Environment 340

Configuring Source IP Address and Firmware Association 341

Enabling SCCP Endpoints 342

Locale Parameters 343

Date and Time Parameters 343

Parameter Tuning 344

Generating Configuration Files for SCCP Endpoints 344

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express SCCP

Environment Example 346

Setting Up Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express in a SIP Environment 346

Configuring Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express for SIP 347

Configuring Source IP Address and Associating Firmware 347

Enabling SIP Endpoints 348

Locale Parameters 348

Date and Time Parameters 348

NTP and DST Parameters 349

Generating Configuration Files for SIP Endpoints 349

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express SIP Environment Example 350

Configuration of Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express 350

Directory Numbers and Phones in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express 350

Directory Number Types 352

Single- and Dual-Line Directory Numbers 353

Octo-Line Directory Number 354

Nonexclusive Shared-Line Directory Number 355

Exclusive Shared-Line Directory Number 356

Multiple Directory Numbers with One Telephone Number 357

Multiple-Number Directory Number 358

Overlaid Directory Number 358

Creating Directory Numbers for SCCP Phones 359

Single-Line Ephone-dn Configuration 360

Dual-Line Ephone-dn Configuration 360

Octo-Line Ephone-dn Configuration 361

Dual-Number Ephone-dn Configuration 361

Configuring SCCP Phone-Type Templates 362

Ephone Template for Conference Station 7937G Configuration Example 364

Creating SCCP Phones 365

Configuring the SCCP Ephone Type 365

Configuring SCCP Ephone Buttons 366

Configuring Ephone Preferred Codec 366

Basic Ephone Configuration Example 367

Multiple Ephone Configuration Example 367

Multiple Directory Numbers Configuration Example 368

Shared Directory Number Configuration Example 369

Controlling Automatic Registration 369

Partially Automated Endpoint Deployment 370

Partially Automated Deployment Example 371

Creating Directory Numbers for SIP Phones 371

Voice Register Directory Number Configuration Example 372

Creating SIP Phones 372

Configuring SIP Phones 373

Tuning SIP Phones 373

Shared Directory Number Configuration Example 374

Configuring Cisco IP Communicator Support 374

Configuring Cisco IP Communicator 375

Managing Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Endpoints 375

Rebooting Commands 376

Verifying Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Endpoints 377

Verifying Phone VLAN ID 378

Verifying Phone IP Parameters 378

Verifying Phone TFTP Server 379

Verifying Firmware Files 379

Verifying TFTP Operation 380

Verifying Phone Firmware 381

Verifying SCCP Endpoint Registration 381

Verifying SIP Endpoint Registration 382

Verifying the SIP Registration Process 383

Verifying the SCCP Registration Process 383

Verifying Endpoint-Related Dial Peers 384

Summary 385

Chapter Review Questions 385

Chapter 4 Introducing Dial Plans 389

Numbering Plan Fundamentals 389

Introducing Numbering Plans 389

North American Numbering Plan 390

European Telephony Numbering Space 393

Fixed and Variable-Length Numbering Plan Comparison 394

E.164 Addressing 395

Scalable Numbering Plans 396

Non-Overlapping Numbering Plan 396

Scalable Non-Overlapping Numbering Plan Considerations 398

Overlapping Numbering Plans 398

Overlapping Numbering Plan Example 399

Scalable Overlapping Numbering Plan Considerations 400

Private and Public Numbering Plan Integration 400

Private and Public Numbering Plan Integration Functions 401

Private and Public Numbering Plan Integration Considerations 402

Number Plan Implementation Overview 402

Private Number Plan Implementation Example 403

Public Number Plan Implementation 404

Call Routing Overview 404

Call Routing Example 405

Dial Plan Components 406

Defining Dial Plans 406

Dial Plan Implementation 407

Dial Plan Requirements 407

Endpoint Addressing Considerations 408

Call Routing and Path Selection 409

PSTN Dial Plan Requirements 410

Inbound PSTN Calls 410

Outbound PSTN Calls 412

ISDN Dial Plan Requirements 413

Digit Manipulation 414

Calling Privileges 415

Call Coverage 416

Call Coverage Features 416

Summary 417

Chapter Review Questions 417

Chapter 5 Implementing Dial Plans 421

Configuring Digit Manipulation 421

Digit Collection and Consumption 421

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express Addressing Method 422

User Input on SCCP Phones 423

SCCP Digit Collection 424

SIP Digit Collection (Simple Phones) 424

SIP Digit Collection (Enhanced Phones) 425

Dial-Peer Management 426

Digit Manipulation 427

Digit Stripping 429

Digit Forwarding 429

Digit Prefixing 431

Number Expansion 431

Simple Digit Manipulation for POTS Dial Peers Example 432

Number Expansion Example 433

Caller ID Number Manipulation 434

CLID Commands 434

Station ID Commands 434

Displaying Caller ID Information 435

Voice Translation Rules and Profiles 437

Understanding Regular Expressions in Translation Rules 439

Search and Replace with Voice Translation Rules Example 441

Voice Translation Profiles 442

Translation Profile Processing 443

Voice Translation Profile Search-and-Replace Example 444

Voice Translation Profile Call Blocking Example 445

Voice Translation Profiles Versus the dialplan-pattern Command 447

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express with dialplan-pattern Example 447

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express with Voice Translation Profiles Example 448

Verifying Voice Translation Rules 449

Configuring Digit Manipulation 450

Configuring Path Selection 454

Call Routing and Path Selection 454

Dial-Peer Matching 455

Matching to Inbound and Outbound Dial Peers 458

Inbound Dial-Peer Matching 458

Outbound Dial-Peer Matching 459

Dial-Peer Call Routing and Path Selection Commands 459

Matching Dial Peers in a Hunt Group 462

H.323 Dial-Peer Configuration Best Practices 462

Path Selection Strategies 464

Site-Code Dialing and Toll-Bypass 464

Toll-Bypass Example 464

Site-Code Dialing and Toll-Bypass Example 466

Tail-End Hop-Off 467

TEHO Example 467

Configuring Site-Code Dialing and Toll-Bypass 468

Step 1: Create Translation Rules and Profiles 469

Step 2: Define VoIP Dial Peers 470

Step 3: Add Support for PSTN Fallback 471

Step 4: Create a Dial Peer for PSTN Fallback 472

Outbound Site-Code Dialing Example 472

Inbound Site-Code Dialing Example 474

Configuring TEHO 475

Step 1: Define VoIP Outbound Digit Manipulation for TEHO 476

Step 2: Define Outbound VoIP TEHO Dial Peer 476

Step 3: Define Outbound POTS TEHO Dial Peer 476

Complete TEHO Configuration 477

Implementing Calling Privileges on Cisco IOS Gateways 477

Calling Privileges 477

Understanding COR on Cisco IOS Gateways 479

COR Behavior Example 479

COR Example 482

Understanding COR for SRST and CME 483

Configuring COR for Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express 485

Step 1: Define COR Labels 485

Step 2: Configure Outbound Corlists 486

Step 3: Configure Inbound Corlists 487

Step 4: Assign Corlists to PSTN Dial Peers 488

Step 5: Assign Corlists to Incoming Dial Peers and Ephone-dns 489

Configuring COR for SRST 490

Verifying COR 491

Summary 492

Chapter Review Questions 493

Chapter 6 Using Gatekeepers and Cisco Unified Border Elements 497

Gatekeeper Fundamentals 497

Gatekeeper Responsibilities 498

Gatekeeper Signaling 500

RAS Messages 501

Gatekeeper Discovery 504

Registration Request 506

Lightweight Registration 506

Admission Request 507

Admission Request Message Failures 507

Information Request 509

Location Request 510

Gatekeeper Signaling: LRQ Sequential 511

Gatekeeper Signaling: LRQ Blast 512

H.225 RAS Intrazone Call Setup 514

H.225 RAS Interzone Call Setup 515

Zones 516

Zone Prefixes 517

Technology Prefixes 518

Configuring H.323 Gatekeepers 520

Gatekeeper Configuration Steps 520

Gateway Selection Process 521

Configuration Considerations 521

Basic Gatekeeper Configuration Commands 522

Configuring Gatekeeper Zones 524

Configuring Zone Prefixes 526

Configuring Technology Prefixes 527

Configuring Gateways to Use H.323 Gatekeepers 529

Dial-Peer Configuration 532

Verifying Gatekeeper Functionality 533

Providing Call Admission Control with an H.323 Gatekeeper 535

Gatekeeper Zone Bandwidth Operation 535

Zone Bandwidth Calculation 536

bandwidth Command 538

Zone Bandwidth Configuration Example 539

Verifying Zone Bandwidth Operation 540

Introducing the Cisco Unified Border Element Gateway 541

Cisco Unified Border Element Overview 541

Cisco UBE Gateways in Enterprise Environments 543

Protocol Interworking on Cisco UBE Gateways 547

Signaling Method Refresher 547

Cisco Unified Border Element Protocol Interworking 548

Media Flows on Cisco UBE Gateways 549

Codec Filtering on Cisco UBEs 550

RSVP-Based CAC on Cisco UBEs 552

RSVP-Based CAC 552

RSVP-Based CAC Call Flow 553

Cisco Unified Border Element Call Flows 554

SIP Carrier Interworking 554

SIP Carrier Interworking Call Flow 554

SIP Carrier Interworking with Gatekeeper-Based CAC Call Setup 555

Configuring Cisco Unified Border Elements 557

Protocol Interworking Command 557

Configuring H.323-to-SIP DTMF Relay Interworking 558

Configuring Media Flow and Transparent Codec 558

media Command 559

codec transparent Command 559

Media Flow-Around and Transparent Codec Example 559

Configuring H.323-to-H.323 Fast-Start-to-Slow-Start Interworking 560

H.323-to-H.323 Interworking Example 560

Verifying Cisco Unified Border Element 560

Debugging Cisco Unified Border Element Operations 562

Viewing Cisco Unified Border Element Calls 562

Summary 563

Chapter Review Questions 563

Chapter 7 Introducing Quality of Service 567

Fundamentals of QoS 567

QoS Issues 567

After Convergence 568

Quality Issues in Converged Networks 570

Bandwidth Capacity 570

End-to-End Delay and Jitter 572

Packet Loss 575

QoS and Voice Traffic 576

QoS Policy 577

QoS for Unified Communications Networks 577

Example: Three Steps to Implementing QoS on a Network 577

QoS Requirements 580

Videoconferencing 580

Data 580

Methods for Implementing QoS Policy 581

Implementing QoS Traditionally Using CLI 581

Implementing QoS with MQC 582

Implementing QoS with Cisco AutoQoS 583

Comparing QoS Implementation Methods 583

QoS Models 584

Best-Effort Model 584

IntServ Model 584

DiffServ Model 585

QoS Model Evaluation 586

Characteristics of QoS Models 587

DiffServ Model 587

DSCP Encoding 589

DiffServ PHBs 590

Expedited Forwarding PHB 590

Assured Forwarding PHB 591

DiffServ Class Selector 593

DiffServ QoS Mechanisms 593

Classification 593

Marking 594

Congestion Management 595

Congestion Avoidance 596

Policing 596

Shaping 597

Compression 598

Link Fragmentation and Interleaving 598

Applying QoS to Input and Output Interfaces 599

Cisco QoS Baseline Model 601

Cisco Baseline Marking 601

Cisco Baseline Mechanisms 602

Expansion and Reduction of the Class Model 603

Summary 603

Chapter Review Questions 604

Chapter 8 Configuring QoS Mechanisms 607

Classification, Marking, and Link-Efficiency QoS Mechanisms 607

Modular QoS CLI 608

Example: Advantages of Using MQC 609

MQC Components 609

Configuring Classification 610

MQC Classification Options 611

Class Map Matching Options 612

Configuring Classification with MQC 613

Configuring Classification Using Input Interface and RTP Ports 614

Configuring Classification Using Marking 615

Class-Based Marking Overview 615

Configuring Class-Based Marking 616

Class-Based Marking Configuration Example 616

Trust Boundaries 617

Trust Boundary Marking 618

Configuring Trust Boundary 619

Trust Boundary Configuration Example 619

Mapping CoS to Network Layer QoS 620

Default LAN Switch Configuration 621

Mapping CoS and IP Precedence to DSCP 621

CoS-to-DSCP Mapping Example 622

DSCP-to-CoS Mapping Example 622

Configuring Mapping 624

Mapping Example 624

Link-Efficiency Mechanisms Overview 625

Link Speeds and QoS Implications 626

Serialization Issues 626

Serialization Delay 627

Link Fragmentation and Interleaving 627

Fragment Size Recommendation 628

Configuring MLP with Interleaving 629

MLP with Interleaving Example 630

Configuring FRF.12 Frame Relay Fragmentation 631

Configuring FRF.12 Fragmentation 632

FRF.12 Configuration Example 632

Class-Based RTP Header Compression 633

RTP Header Compression Example 634

Configuring Class-Based Header Compression 635

Class-Based RTP Header Compression Configuration Example 635

Queuing and Traffic Conditioning 636

Congestion and Its Solutions 637

Congestion and Queuing: Aggregation 637

Queuing Components 638

Software Interfaces 639

Policing and Shaping 640

Policing and Shaping Comparison 641

Measuring Traffic Rates 642

Example: Token Bucket as a Coin Bank 643

Single Token Bucket 644

Class-Based Policing 645

Single-Rate, Dual Token Bucket Class-Based Policing 646

Dual-Rate, Dual Bucket Class-Based Policing 647

Configuring Class-Based Policing 649

Class-Based Policing Example: Single Rate, Single Token Bucket 650

Class-Based Policing Example: Single Rate, Dual Token Bucket 651

Class-Based Shaping 652

Configuring Class-Based Shaping 653

Class-Based Shaping Example 653

Hierarchical Class-Based Shaping with CB-WFQ Example 653

Low Latency Queuing 655

LLQ Architecture 656

LLQ Benefits 656

Configuring LLQ 657

Monitoring LLQ 658

Calculating Bandwidth for LLQ 659

Introduction to Cisco AutoQoS 661

Cisco AutoQoS VoIP 661

Cisco AutoQoS VoIP Functions 662

Cisco AutoQoS VoIP Router Platforms 663

Cisco AutoQoS VoIP Switch Platforms 663

Configuring Cisco AutoQoS VoIP 664

Configuring Cisco AutoQoS VoIP: Routers 665

Configuring Cisco AutoQoS VoIP: Switches 665

Monitoring Cisco AutoQoS VoIP 666

Monitoring Cisco AutoQoS VoIP: Routers 666

Monitoring Cisco AutoQoS VoIP: Switches 667

Automation with Cisco AutoQoS VoIP 668

Cisco AutoQoS for the Enterprise 668

Configuring Cisco AutoQoS for the Enterprise 670

Monitoring Cisco AutoQoS for the Enterprise: Phase 1 672

Monitoring Cisco AutoQoS for the Enterprise: Phase 2 672

Summary 673

Chapter Review Questions 673

Appendix A Answers to Chapter Review Questions 677

9781587204197 TOC 4/21/2011

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Pearson automatically collects log data to help ensure the delivery, availability and security of this site. Log data may include technical information about how a user or visitor connected to this site, such as browser type, type of computer/device, operating system, internet service provider and IP address. We use this information for support purposes and to monitor the health of the site, identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents and appropriately scale computing resources.

Web Analytics

Pearson may use third party web trend analytical services, including Google Analytics, to collect visitor information, such as IP addresses, browser types, referring pages, pages visited and time spent on a particular site. While these analytical services collect and report information on an anonymous basis, they may use cookies to gather web trend information. The information gathered may enable Pearson (but not the third party web trend services) to link information with application and system log data. Pearson uses this information for system administration and to identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents, appropriately scale computing resources and otherwise support and deliver this site and its services.

Cookies and Related Technologies

This site uses cookies and similar technologies to personalize content, measure traffic patterns, control security, track use and access of information on this site, and provide interest-based messages and advertising. Users can manage and block the use of cookies through their browser. Disabling or blocking certain cookies may limit the functionality of this site.

Do Not Track

This site currently does not respond to Do Not Track signals.

Security

Pearson uses appropriate physical, administrative and technical security measures to protect personal information from unauthorized access, use and disclosure.

Children

This site is not directed to children under the age of 13.

Marketing

Pearson may send or direct marketing communications to users, provided that

Pearson will not use personal information collected or processed as a K-12 school service provider for the purpose of directed or targeted advertising.
Such marketing is consistent with applicable law and Pearson's legal obligations.
Pearson will not knowingly direct or send marketing communications to an individual who has expressed a preference not to receive marketing.
Where required by applicable law, express or implied consent to marketing exists and has not been withdrawn.

Pearson may provide personal information to a third party service provider on a restricted basis to provide marketing solely on behalf of Pearson or an affiliate or customer for whom Pearson is a service provider. Marketing preferences may be changed at any time.

Correcting/Updating Personal Information

If a user's personally identifiable information changes (such as your postal address or email address), we provide a way to correct or update that user's personal data provided to us. This can be done on the Account page. If a user no longer desires our service and desires to delete his or her account, please contact us at customer-service@informit.com and we will process the deletion of a user's account.

Choice/Opt-out

Users can always make an informed choice as to whether they should proceed with certain services offered by Adobe Press. If you choose to remove yourself from our mailing list(s) simply visit the following page and uncheck any communication you no longer want to receive: www.pearsonitcertification.com/u.aspx.

Sale of Personal Information

Pearson does not rent or sell personal information in exchange for any payment of money.

While Pearson does not sell personal information, as defined in Nevada law, Nevada residents may email a request for no sale of their personal information to NevadaDesignatedRequest@pearson.com.

Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents

California residents should read our Supplemental privacy statement for California residents in conjunction with this Privacy Notice. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services.

Sharing and Disclosure

Pearson may disclose personal information, as follows:

As required by law.
With the consent of the individual (or their parent, if the individual is a minor)
In response to a subpoena, court order or legal process, to the extent permitted or required by law
To protect the security and safety of individuals, data, assets and systems, consistent with applicable law
In connection the sale, joint venture or other transfer of some or all of its company or assets, subject to the provisions of this Privacy Notice
To investigate or address actual or suspected fraud or other illegal activities
To exercise its legal rights, including enforcement of the Terms of Use for this site or another contract
To affiliated Pearson companies and other companies and organizations who perform work for Pearson and are obligated to protect the privacy of personal information consistent with this Privacy Notice
To a school, organization, company or government agency, where Pearson collects or processes the personal information in a school setting or on behalf of such organization, company or government agency.

Links

This web site contains links to other sites. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects Personal Information. This privacy statement applies solely to information collected by this web site.

Requests and Contact

Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information.

Changes to this Privacy Notice

We may revise this Privacy Notice through an updated posting. We will identify the effective date of the revision in the posting. Often, updates are made to provide greater clarity or to comply with changes in regulatory requirements. If the updates involve material changes to the collection, protection, use or disclosure of Personal Information, Pearson will provide notice of the change through a conspicuous notice on this site or other appropriate way. Continued use of the site after the effective date of a posted revision evidences acceptance. Please contact us if you have questions or concerns about the Privacy Notice or any objection to any revisions.

Last Update: November 17, 2020

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Implementing Cisco Unified Communications Voice over IP and QoS (Cvoice) Foundation Learning Guide: (CCNP Voice CVoice 642-437), 4th Edition

Book

Description

Extras

Related Article

Sample Content

Online Sample Chapter

Sample Pages

Table of Contents

Updates

Errata

Submit Errata

More Information

Pearson IT Certification Promotional Mailings & Special Offers

Overview

Collection and Use of Information

Questions and Inquiries

Online Store

Surveys

Contests and Drawings

Newsletters

Service Announcements

Customer Service

Other Collection and Use of Information

Application and System Logs

Web Analytics

Cookies and Related Technologies

Do Not Track

Security

Children

Marketing

Correcting/Updating Personal Information

Choice/Opt-out

Sale of Personal Information

Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents

Sharing and Disclosure

Links

Requests and Contact

Changes to this Privacy Notice

Implementing Cisco Unified Communications Voice over IP and QoS (Cvoice) Foundation Learning Guide: (CCNP Voice CVoice 642-437), 4th Edition

Book

Description

Extras

Related Article

Sample Content

Online Sample Chapter

Sample Pages

Table of Contents

Updates

Errata

Submit Errata

More Information

Pearson IT Certification Promotional Mailings & Special Offers

Overview

Collection and Use of Information

Questions and Inquiries

Online Store

Surveys

Contests and Drawings

Newsletters

Service Announcements

Customer Service

Other Collection and Use of Information

Application and System Logs

Web Analytics

Cookies and Related Technologies

Do Not Track

Security

Children

Marketing

Correcting/Updating Personal Information

Choice/Opt-out

Sale of Personal Information

Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents

Sharing and Disclosure

Links

Requests and Contact

Changes to this Privacy Notice

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