MCSE/MCSA Exam 70-291 Exam Prep: Implementing, Managing, and Troubleshooting DHCP

Apr 6, 2007

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DHCP was the Internet community's answer to dynamically distributing IP addresses. This sample chapter examines the basics of DHCP as it applies to systems administrators, and how it can be used to make your life and your network better.

This chapter is from the book 

MCSA/MCSE 70-291 Exam Prep: Implementing, Managing, and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure, 2nd Edition

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Objectives

Microsoft lists the following objectives for the DHCP portion of the "Implementing, Managing, and Maintaining IP Addressing" section of Exam 70-291, "Implementing, Managing, and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure":

Manage DHCP.

Manage DHCP clients and leases.
Manage DHCP Relay Agent.
Manage DHCP databases.
Manage DHCP scope options.
Manage reservations and reserved clients.
One of the first few network services you will likely deploy and configure when rolling out a production Windows Server 2003 network is the DHCP service. DHCP is highly integrated with both Active Directory and the dynamic DNS (DDNS) service. To meet this objective, you must have a thorough understanding of the workings of DHCP and also how to configure it for use in a network.

Troubleshoot DHCP.

Diagnose and resolve issues related to DHCP authorization.
Verify DHCP reservation configuration.
Examine the system event log and DHCP server audit log files to find related events.
Diagnose and resolve issues related to configuration of DHCP server and scope options.
Verify that the DHCP Relay Agent is working correctly.
Verify database integrity.
Installing and configuring the DHCP service does not relieve you of monitoring and managing it over time. The ability to monitor, manage, and troubleshoot the DHCP service on a network is critical to the ongoing health of the network as a whole. You should be able to use all the tools available to you to ensure that the DHCP service is operating properly, providing service to network clients.

Outline

Introduction			72
Understanding DHCP			72
	DHCP		73
	BOOTP		75
What's New with Windows Server 2003 DHCP			75
Configuring and Managing DHCP			77
	Installing the DHCP Server Service		77
	Understanding DHCP Scopes		79
		Understanding DHCP Superscopes	80
		Understanding Multicasting and Multicast Scopes	80
	Creating a DHCP Scope		82
	Configuring Scope Properties		88
	Authorizing a DHCP Server in Active Directory		93
	Configuring DHCP for DNS Integration		95
	Configuring and Implementing a DHCP Relay Agent		99
	Configuring Security for DHCP		104
DHCP Server Management and Monitoring			107
	Examining the DHCP Server Statistics		107
	DHCP Server Backup and Restore		108
	Reconciling the DHCP Database		110
	Stopping the DHCP Server		110
	Configuring Options and Classes		111
	Changing the Server State		112
	DHCP Server Common Commands		112
Troubleshooting DHCP			115
	Troubleshooting DHCP Server Authorization Problems		115
	Using the DHCP Logs		120
	Troubleshooting DHCP Reservations		123
	Troubleshooting the DHCP Relay Agent		124
Chapter Summary			125
Key Terms			125
Apply Your Knowledge			126
	Exercises		126
	Exam Questions		129
	Answers to Exam Questions		134
Suggested Readings and Resources			137

Study Strategies

Be sure you understand what DHCP is, how it works, why it was created, and what enhancements Microsoft Windows Server 2003 DHCP server service adds to the protocol. DHCP has been used in Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)-based networks for quite a while. Microsoft has extended the functionality of DHCP as part of its Windows Server 2003 operating system. DHCP is used to dynamically allocate IP addresses, and it also plays a critical role in registering hosts with the Domain Name Service (DNS).
Be sure you understand the types of scopes that Windows Server 2003 DHCP server service supports, how each works, and when you should use each in a production environment.
Get your hands dirty. The Step by Step exercises throughout this book provide plenty of directions and exercises, but you should go beyond those examples and create some of your own. If you can, experiment with each of the topics we discuss in this chapter to see how they work and why you would use each one.

Introduction

TCP/IP is the de facto standard for computer networking and appears to have no challengers in the networking protocol arena. If you are going to work with Windows Server 2003, you should expect to work with TCP/IP. One of the keys to successfully working with TCP/IP is having an understanding of the concept of TCP/IP addresses. The designers of TCP/IP wanted an identification scheme that was independent of any one computer or network equipment design, so they established a scheme of IP addresses.

If you've ever surfed the Web, you have probably seen IP addresses at one time or another (numbers such as 192.168.144.77). As you administer TCP/IP on a network, a considerable part of your time will be devoted to IP address assignment because IP addresses don't just magically get assigned to network hosts—they have to be provided through manual configuration or some other means. When a computer is added to a network, it needs an IP address to communicate on that network. When the computer moves to a new location, it is likely to need a new IP address. If you are just starting out with managing a large TCP/IP network, you might find the notion of managing all those addresses a bit daunting. If you move a DNS server to a new subnet, you may have to reconfigure every client computer. If you move a client computer to a new subnet, you may have to update its IP address. This does not endear you to road warriors who travel among several offices, especially those who are regional managers. If you manually manage IP addresses, almost any change to the network will require a visit to one or more computers to update TCP/IP configurations—not a happy prospect. Fortunately, the people who brought us DNS to replace the hosts file also came up with a solution to this dilemma.

DHCP was the Internet community's answer to dynamically distributing IP addresses. DHCP is open and standards-based, as defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in their Requests for Comments (RFCs) 2131 and 2132. (The IETF is the main standards organization for the Internet.) This chapter examines the basics of DHCP as it applies to you, the systems administrator, and how you can use it to make your life and your network better.

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